Generate Factors with specified Levels in R Programming – gl() Function
gl()
function in R Language is used to generate factors by specifying the pattern of their levels.
Syntax:
gl(x, k, length, labels, ordered)Parameters:
x: Number of levels
k: Number of replications
length: Length of result
labels: Labels for the vector(optional)
ordered: Boolean value to order the levels
Example 1:
# R Program to generate factors # Creating a factor # using gl() function x1 < - gl( 2 , 5 ) # gl() function with # length specified x2 < - gl( 3 , 4 , 12 ) # Printing the factors print (x1) print (x2) |
Output:
[1] 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 Levels: 1 2 [1] 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Levels: 1 2 3
Example 2:
# R Program to generate factors # gl() function with # length and labels specified x1 < - gl( 3 , 4 , 12 , label = letters[ 1 : 12 ]) # gl() function with # length, label and order specified x2 < - gl( 3 , 4 , 12 , label = letters[ 1 : 12 ], ordered = T) # Printing the factors print (x1) print (x2) |
Output:
[1] a a a a b b b b c c c c Levels: a b c d e f g h i j k l [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c Levels: a < b < c < d < e < f < g < h < i < j < k < l