Implement Arrays in different Programming Languages
Arrays are one of the basic data structures that should be learnt by every programmer. Arrays stores a collection of elements, each identified by an index or a key. They provide a way to organize and access a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. In this article, we will learn about the basic use of array in most common languages like C, C++, Java, Python, etc.
Table of Content
- What is an Array?
- Implementation of array in C++:
- Implementation of array in C:
- Implementation of array in Java:
- Implementation of array in Python:
- Implementation of array in C#:
- Implementation of array in JavaScript:
- Pros and Cons of array:
What is an Array?
Arrays are data structures that store collections of elements in contiguous memory locations. Each element is identified by an index or key, allowing for efficient random access. Arrays offer advantages like constant-time access and memory efficiency. However, they have disadvantages such as a fixed size and inefficient insertion/deletion.
Implementation of array in C++:
- Declares an integer array arr with a size of 5 and initializes it with values.
- Accesses the element at index 3 using arr[3] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 3 by assigning a new value (15) to arr[3] and prints the modified value.
C++
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Initialize an array // Access elements cout << "Element at index 3: " << arr[3] << endl; // Modify elements arr[3] = 15; cout << "Modified element at index 3: " << arr[3] << endl; return 0; } |
Output
Element at index 3: 4 Modified element at index 3: 15
Implementation of array in C:
- Declares an integer array arr with a size of 5 and initializes it with values.
- Accesses the element at index 2 using arr[2] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 2 by assigning a new value (10) to arr[2] and prints the modified value.
C
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Initializing an array with values // Accessing elements printf ("Element at index 2: %d\n", arr[2]); // Modifying elements arr[2] = 10; printf ("Modified element at index 2: %d\n", arr[2]); return 0; } |
Output
Element at index 2: 3 Modified element at index 2: 10
Implementation of array in Java:
- Declares an integer array arr and initializes it with values using the array initializer syntax.
- Accesses the element at index 4 using arr[4] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 4 by assigning a new value (20) to arr[4] and prints the modified value.
Java
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { int [] arr = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }; // Initializing an array with values // Accessing elements System.out.println("Element at index 4 : " + arr[ 4 ]); // Modifying elements arr[ 4 ] = 20 ; System.out.println("Modified element at index 4 : " + arr[ 4 ]); } } |
Javascript
class Main { static main() { const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; // Initializing an array with values // Accessing elements console.log( "Element at index 4: " + arr[4]); // Modifying elements arr[4] = 20; console.log( "Modified element at index 4: " + arr[4]); } } // Call the main method Main.main(); |
Output
Element at index 4: 5 Modified element at index 4: 20
Implementation of array in Python:
- Initializes a Python list arr with values.
- Accesses the element at index 1 using arr[1] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 1 by assigning a new value (12) to arr[1] and prints the modified value.
Python3
arr = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] # Initializing an array with values # Accessing elements print ("Element at index 1 :", arr[ 1 ]) # Modifying elements arr[ 1 ] = 12 print ("Modified element at index 1 :", arr[ 1 ]) |
Output
Element at index 1: 2 Modified element at index 1: 12
Implementation of array in C#:
- Declares an integer array arr and initializes it with values using the new keyword.
- Accesses the element at index 0 using arr[0] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 0 by assigning a new value (8) to arr[0] and prints the modified value.
C#
using System; class Program { static void Main() { int [] arr = new int [] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Initializing an array with values // Accessing elements Console.WriteLine("Element at index 0: " + arr[0]); // Modifying elements arr[0] = 8; Console.WriteLine("Modified element at index 0: " + arr[0]); } } |
Output
Element at index 0: 1 Modified element at index 0: 8
Implementation of array in JavaScript:
- Initializes a JavaScript array arr with values.
- Accesses the element at index 0 using arr[0] and prints its value.
- Modifies the element at index 0 by assigning a new value (9) to arr[0] and prints the modified value.
Javascript
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; // Initializing an array with values // Accessing elements console.log("Element at index 0:", arr[0]); // Modifying elements arr[0] = 9; console.log("Modified element at index 0:", arr[0]); |
Output
Element at index 0: 1 Modified element at index 0: 9
Pros and Cons of array:
Pros of Arrays | Cons of Arrays |
---|---|
1. Allows direct access using index, facilitating quick retrieval. | 1. Set size is not easily changeable, limiting adaptability. |
2. Minimizes memory overhead by storing elements in contiguous memory locations. | 2. Inefficient when adding/removing elements in the middle. |
3. Supports easy iteration, simplifying the process with loops. | 3. Wasted memory if the array is larger than needed. |
4. Constant-time access provides predictable and consistent performance. | 4. Elements must be stored in order, restricting memory allocation. |
5. Facilitates efficient algorithm and data structure implementations. | 5. Limited flexibility as arrays typically holds one data type. |