Difference between & and && in R
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& |
&& |
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Input |
Two logical vectors, matrices, or arrays of the same length and dimension. | Two logical expressions or scalar values. |
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Output |
A logical vector of the same length and dimension as the inputs. | A single logical value. |
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Evaluation |
Element-wise on both inputs, even if they are of different lengths. | Short-circuited: Only the second expression is evaluated if the first is TRUE. |
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Use in if statements |
Returns a warning if the length of the inputs is not a multiple of each other. | Returns an error if the length of the inputs is greater than one. |
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Use in loops |
Returns a logical vector of the same length as the inputs. | Returns a single logical value, so not typically used in loops. |
Difference Between & and && in R
In R Programming Language, “&” and “&&” are two logical operators used to combine logical expressions. However, they behave differently in terms of how they evaluate expressions and return results.
The “&” operator evaluates both expressions and returns a vector of the same length as the inputs, where each element is the result of a logical “and” operation. This means that it returns TRUE only if both expressions are TRUE and FALSE.
- The “&” operator performs the element-wise comparison and returns a logical vector of the same length as its input.
- the “&&” operator evaluates only the first element of the input and returns the single logical value.
The “&” and “&&” operators are used for logical operations. The &” and “&&” are two logical operators used to evaluate logical expressions.