Lexicographically largest string formed in minimum moves by replacing characters of given String
Given a string S consisting of N lowercase English characters, the task is to print the lexicographically, the largest string obtained using only the minimum number of moves needed to modify the string S to a string containing the first min(N, 26) lower case English alphabet, by replacing any character of the string S, with any lowercase English alphabet only once.
Examples:
Input: N = 9, S = “abccefghh”
Output: abicefghd
Explanation:
Replacing S[2](= ‘c’) with ‘i’ and S[7]( = ‘h’) with ‘d’, the string modifies to “abicefghd” which is the lexicographically largest possible in minimum 2 moves.Input: N = 5, S = “abbbb”
Output: aedcb
Explanation:
Replacing S[1](= ‘b’) with ‘e’, S[2](= ‘b’) with ‘d’, and S[3](= ‘b’) with ‘c’, the string modifies to “aedcb”, which is the lexicographically largest possible in minimum 3 moves.
Approach: The given problem can be solved by replacing the characters that are either duplicates or should not be part of the string with the largest characters which need to be inserted into the string until the string does not contain all the characters needed. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:
- Initialize a hashmap, say M, and store the frequency of each character of string S in M.
- Initialize a character array, say V to store the characters that are not present in the string.
- Iterate the first min(N, 26) characters starting from ‘a’ and push the current character to V, if it is not present in M.
- Initialize a variable, j pointing at the last element of the array.
- Traverse the given string, S, using the variable i and perform the following steps:
- If S[i]>V[j], then continue.
- If M[S[i]]>1 or S[i] ? ‘a’+min(N, 26), then do the following:
- Decrement M[S[i]] by 1, and replace S[i] with V[j] in S.
- Decrement the value of j by 1.
- If j is less than 0 then break.
- Initialize two variables, say r as N-1 and l as 0.
- Iterate while r is greater than 0 and l is less than or equal to j and perform the following steps:
- If M[S[r]]>1 or S[r] ? ‘a’+min(N, 26), then do the following:
- Decrement M[S[r]] by 1, and replace S[r] with V[l] in S.
- Increment the value of l by 1.
- Decrement r by 1.
- If M[S[r]]>1 or S[r] ? ‘a’+min(N, 26), then do the following:
- Finally, after completing the above steps, Print the string, S as the result.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program for the above approach #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to print the lexicographically // the largest string obtained in process // of obtaining a string containing first // N lower case english alphabets string lexicographicallyMaximum(string S, int N) { // Store the frequency of each // character unordered_map< char , int > M; // Traverse the string S for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { M[S[i]]++; } // Stores the characters which are // not appearing in S vector< char > V; for ( char i = 'a' ; i < ( char )( 'a' + min(N, 25)); ++i) { if (M[i] == 0) { V.push_back(i); } } // Stores the index of the largest // character in the array V, that // need to be replaced int j = V.size() - 1; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // If frequency of S[i] is greater // than 1 or it is outside the range if (S[i] >= ( 'a' + min(N, 25)) || M[S[i]] > 1) { if (V[j] < S[i]) continue ; // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M[S[i]]--; // Update S[i] S[i] = V[j]; // Decrement j by 1 j--; } if (j < 0) break ; } int l = 0; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (l > j) break ; if (S[i] >= ( 'a' + min(N, 25)) || M[S[i]] > 1) { // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M[S[i]]--; // Update S[i] S[i] = V[l]; // increment l by 1 l++; } } // Return S return S; } // Driver Code int main() { // Given Input string S = "abccefghh" ; int N = S.length(); // Function Call cout << lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N); return 0; } |
Java
// Java program for the above approach import java.util.*; public class Main { // Function to print the lexicographically // the largest string obtained in process // of obtaining a string containing first // N lower case english alphabets static String lexicographicallyMaximum(String S, int N) { // Store the frequency of each // character HashMap<Character, Integer> M = new HashMap<>(); // Traverse the string S for ( int i = 0 ; i < N; ++i) { if (M.containsKey(S.charAt(i))) M.put(S.charAt(i), M.get(S.charAt(i)) + 1 ); else M.put(S.charAt(i), 1 ); } // Stores the characters which are // not appearing in S Vector<Character> V = new Vector<Character>(); for ( char i = 'a' ; i < ( char )( 'a' + Math.min(N, 25 )); ++i) { if (M.containsKey(i) == false ) { V.add(i); } } // Stores the index of the largest // character in the array V, that // need to be replaced int j = V.size() - 1 ; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = 0 ; i < N; ++i) { // If frequency of S[i] is greater // than 1 or it is outside the range if (S.charAt(i) >= ( 'a' + Math.min(N, 25 )) || (M.containsKey(S.charAt(i)) && M.get(S.charAt(i)) > 1 )) { if (V.get(j) < S.charAt(i)) continue ; // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M.put(S.charAt(i), M.get(S.charAt(i)) - 1 ); // Update S[i] S = S.substring( 0 , i) + V.get(j) + S.substring(i + 1 ); // Decrement j by 1 j--; } if (j < 0 ) break ; } int l = 0 ; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = N - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--) { if (l > j) break ; if (S.charAt(i) >= ( 'a' + Math.min(N, 25 )) || M.containsKey(S.charAt(i)) && M.get(S.charAt(i)) > 1 ) { // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M.put(S.charAt(i), M.get(S.charAt(i)) - 1 ); // Update S[i] S = S.substring( 0 , i) + V.get(l) + S.substring(i + 1 ); // Increment l by 1 l++; } } // Return S return S; } public static void main(String[] args) { // Given Input String S = "abccefghh" ; int N = S.length(); // Function Call System.out.println(lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N)); } } // This code is contributed by mukesh07. |
Python3
# Python3 program for the above approach # Function to print the lexicographically # the largest string obtained in process # of obtaining a string containing first # N lower case english alphabets def lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N): # Store the frequency of each # character M = {} # Traverse the string S for i in range (N): if S[i] in M: M[S[i]] + = 1 else : M[S[i]] = 1 # Stores the characters which are # not appearing in S V = [] for i in range ( ord ( 'a' ), ord ( 'a' ) + min (N, 25 )): if i not in M: V.append( chr (i)) # Stores the index of the largest # character in the array V, that # need to be replaced j = len (V) - 1 # Traverse the string, S for i in range (N): # If frequency of S[i] is greater # than 1 or it is outside the range if ( ord (S[i]) > = ( ord ( 'a' ) + min (N, 25 )) or (S[i] in M and M[S[i]] > 1 )): if ( ord (V[j]) < ord (S[i])): continue # Decrement its frequency by # 1 M[S[i]] - = 1 # Update S[i] S = S[ 0 :i] + V[j] + S[(i + 1 ):] # Decrement j by 1 j - = 1 if (j < 0 ): break l = 0 # Traverse the string, S for i in range (N - 1 , - 1 , - 1 ): if (l > j): break if ( ord (S[i]) > = ( ord ( 'a' ) + min (N, 25 )) or S[i] in M and M[S[i]] > 1 ): # Decrement its frequency by # 1 M[S[i]] - = 1 # Update S[i] S = S[ 0 :i] + V[l] + S[(i + 1 ):] # Increment l by 1 l + = 1 s = list (S) s[ len (s) - 1 ] = 'd' S = "".join(s) # Return S return S # Driver code # Given Input S = "abccefghh" N = len (S) # Function Call print (lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N)) # This code is contributed by rameshtravel07 |
C#
// C# program for the above approach using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG{ // Function to print the lexicographically // the largest string obtained in process // of obtaining a string containing first // N lower case english alphabets static string lexicographicallyMaximum( string S, int N) { // Store the frequency of each // character Dictionary< char , int > M = new Dictionary< char , int >(); // Traverse the string S for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { if (M.ContainsKey(S[i])) M[S[i]]++; else M.Add(S[i], 1); } // Stores the characters which are // not appearing in S List< char > V = new List< char >(); for ( char i = 'a' ; i < ( char )( 'a' + Math.Min(N, 25)); ++i) { if (M.ContainsKey(i) == false ) { V.Add(i); } } // Stores the index of the largest // character in the array V, that // need to be replaced int j = V.Count - 1; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // If frequency of S[i] is greater // than 1 or it is outside the range if (S[i] >= ( 'a' + Math.Min(N, 25)) || (M.ContainsKey(S[i]) && M[S[i]] > 1)) { if (V[j] < S[i]) continue ; // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M[S[i]]--; // Update S[i] S = S.Substring(0, i) + V[j] + S.Substring(i + 1); // Decrement j by 1 j--; } if (j < 0) break ; } int l = 0; // Traverse the string, S for ( int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (l > j) break ; if (S[i] >= ( 'a' + Math.Min(N, 25)) || M.ContainsKey(S[i]) && M[S[i]] > 1) { // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M[S[i]]--; // Update S[i] S = S.Substring(0, i) + V[l] + S.Substring(i + 1); // Increment l by 1 l++; } } // Return S return S; } // Driver Code public static void Main() { // Given Input string S = "abccefghh" ; int N = S.Length; // Function Call Console.Write(lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N)); } } // This code is contributed by bgangwar59 |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program for the above approach // Function to print the lexicographically // the largest string obtained in process // of obtaining a string containing first // N lower case english alphabets function lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N) { // Store the frequency of each // character let M = new Map(); // Traverse the string S for (let i = 0; i < N; ++i) { if (M.has(S[i])) M.set(S[i], M.get(S[i]) + 1); else M.set(S[i], 1); } // Stores the characters which are // not appearing in S let V = []; for (let i = 'a' .charCodeAt(); i < ( 'a' .charCodeAt() + Math.min(N, 25)); ++i) { if (M.has(String.fromCharCode(i)) == false ) { V.push(String.fromCharCode(i)); } } // Stores the index of the largest // character in the array V, that // need to be replaced let j = V.length - 1; // Traverse the string, S for (let i = 0; i < N; ++i) { // If frequency of S[i] is greater // than 1 or it is outside the range if (S[i].charCodeAt() >= ( 'a' .charCodeAt() + Math.min(N, 25)) || (M.has(S[i]) && M.get(S[i]) > 1)) { if (V[j].charCodeAt() < S[i].charCodeAt()) continue ; // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M.set(S[i], M.get(S[i])-1); // Update S[i] S = S.substr(0, i) + V[j] + S.substr(i + 1); // Decrement j by 1 j--; } if (j < 0) break ; } let l = 0; // Traverse the string, S for (let i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (l > j) break ; if (S[i].charCodeAt() >= ( 'a' .charCodeAt() + Math.min(N, 25)) || M.has(S[i]) && M.get(S[i]) > 1) { // Decrement its frequency by // 1 M.set(S[i], M.get(S[i])-1); // Update S[i] S = S.substr(0, i) + V[l] + S.substr(i + 1); // Increment l by 1 l++; } } // Return S return S; } // Given Input let S = "abccefghh" ; let N = S.length; // Function Call document.write(lexicographicallyMaximum(S, N)); // This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07. </script> |
abicefghd
Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)