16 Mahajanpadas of Ancient India- Origin, Types and Facts
Areas In government exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, etc we find many questions from the History general awareness section. this is a very broad section and sometimes questions are very factual. we will cover the General awareness section comprehensively so that students can learn and get most of the questions correct in this section. In this article, we will provide a complete list of Mahajanpadas of Ancient India in India.
Which were the 16 Mahajanapadas?
Before the rise of Buddhism in India, the following 16 Mahajanapadas arose:
- Kasi
- Kosala
- Anga
- Magadha
- Vajji
- Malla
- Chedi/Cheti
- Vatsa
- Kuru
- Panchala
- Matsya
- Surasena/Shurasena
- Assaka
- Avanti
- Gandhara
- Kamboja
16 Mahajanapadas Map
By 6th century, only 4 powerful kingdoms came to exist, which included:
- Magadha (Important rulers: Bimbisara, Ajatashatru)
- Avanti (Important ruler: Pradyota)
- Kosala (Important ruler: Prasenjit)
- Vatsa (Important ruler: Udayana)
List of 16 Mahajanpadas- Facts For UPSC Exam
Sr. No. |
Mahajanpadas |
|
|
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1 | Anga | Champa | Munger and Bhagalpur |
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2 | Magadha | Rajagriha | Gaya and Patna districts |
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3 | Kashi | Kashi | Banaras |
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4 | Vatsa | Kausambi | Allahabad |
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5 | Kosala | Shravasti (northern), Kushavati (southern) |
Eastern Uttar Pradesh |
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6 | Surasena | Mathura | Western Uttar Pradesh |
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7 | Panchala | Ahichchhatra and Kampilya | Western Uttar Pradesh |
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8 | Kuru | Indraprastha | Meerut and Southeastern Haryana |
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9 | Matsya | Viratanagara | Jaipur |
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10 | Chedi | Sothivati | Bundelkhand region |
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11 | Avanti | Ujjayini | Malwa and Madhya Pradesh |
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12 | Gandhara | Taxila | Rawalpindi |
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13 | Kamboja | Poonch | Rajouri and Hajra (Kashmir), NWFP (Pakistan) |
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14 | Asmaka or Assaka | Potali | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra and banks of Godavari |
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15 | Vajji | Vaishali | Bihar |
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16 | Malla | Kusinara | Deoria and Uttar Pradesh |
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Political Structure of the Mahajanapadas
The Mahajanapadas were a group of ancient kingdoms in India during the Iron Age, which lasted from around 600 BCE to 300 BCE. This period was significant for the socio-political and cultural transformations that took place in the Indian subcontinent. The term “Mahajanapada” literally means “great realm” or “great country”.
There were sixteen Mahajanapadas, and each had its own distinct political structure and system of governance. However, there were some commonalities in their political structures:
- Monarchies and Republics: The Mahajanapadas were either monarchies or oligarchic republics. The monarchies were ruled by kings who often claimed divine right or lineage from a god. In contrast, the republics, such as the Vajji (or Vrijji) confederation, were governed by a group of elected officials and had a more democratic form of government.
- Centralized Administration: In the monarchies, the king was at the center of the administration. He was assisted by a council of ministers and officials who helped him in the governance of the state. The administrative structure often included various departments such as revenue, military, and justice.
- Military Organization: The Mahajanapadas had organized armies for defense and expansion purposes. The presence of a standing army was one of the significant features of these states. Chariots, cavalry, infantry, and elephants were common components of these armies.
- Legal System: There was a well-defined legal system with laws and a judiciary to enforce them. Justice was administered in the king’s name, and there were various levels of courts.
- Economic System: The economy of the Mahajanapadas was primarily agrarian, but trade and commerce were also important. Taxes and tributes were a major source of revenue for the states.
- Urbanization: This period saw significant urban development. Many of the Mahajanapadas had capital cities that were centers of political power, trade, and culture.
The sixteen Mahajanapadas were Kasi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Matsya, Surasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara, and Kamboja. Among these, Magadha emerged as the most powerful and eventually formed the basis of the Maurya Empire under Chandragupta Maurya.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the 16 Mahajanapadas and its capital?
Mahajanapada | Capital |
---|---|
Kuru | Indraprastha |
Panchala | Ahichhatra, Kampilya |
Kosala | Sravasti |
Malla | Kusinara, Pava |
Vrijji | Vaishali |
Anga | Champa |
Magadha | Rajagriha, later Pataliputra |
Kashi | Varanasi |
Chetiya | Suktimati |
Avanti | Ujjaini, Mahishmati |
Assaka | Potali |
Matsya | Viratanagari |
Shurasena | Mathura |
Kamboja | Rajapura |
Gandhara | Taxila, Pushkalavati |
Vatsa | Kaushambi |
Which state emerged as the strongest among all the 16 Mahajanapadas?
Magadha emerged as the strongest and most powerful mahajanapada. It was a monarchical mahajanapada. The first important and powerful ruler of Magadha was Bimbisara, who ruled in the second half of 6th century BCE.
What is the origin of the Mahajanapadas?
The Mahajanapadas were a set of sixteen kingdoms that existed in ancient India. It all began when the tribes (janas) of the late Vedic period decided to form their own territorial communities, which eventually gave rise to new and permanent areas of settlements called ‘states’ or ‘janapadas.