Minimum swaps required to move all vowels occurs after consonants in a given string
Given a string S, the task is to count the number of positions by which the vowels have to be moved such that all the consonants are placed at the front and all the vowels at the end. The order of consonants and vowels in the new string must be same.
Examples:
Input: S = “abcdefghi”
Output: 9
Explanation:
The consonants present in the string are b, c, d, f, g and h and the vowels are a, e and i. On rearrangement the final string turns out to be “bcdfghaei” and the order of the consonants and vowels is not changed.
Initially ‘a’ was at index 0 and finally it moved to index 6. No. of positions moved = 6 – 0 = 6.
Initially ‘e’ was at index 4 and finally it moved to index 7. No. of positions moved = 7 – 4 = 3.
Initially ‘i’ was at index 8 and it didn’t change its position. So no. of moves = 0.
Total number of positions moved = 6 + 3 + 0 = 9.
Input: S = “iijedf”
Output: 8
Explanation:
The consonants present in the string are j, d and f and the vowels are i, i and e. On rearrangement the final string turns out to be “jdfiie” and the order of the consonants and vowels is not changed.
‘i’ at index 0 is moved to index 3. No. of positions moved = 3 – 0 = 3.
‘i’ at index 1 is moved to index 4. No. of positions moved = 4 – 1 = 3.
‘e’ at index 3 is moved to index 5. No. of positions moved = 5 – 3 = 2.
Total number of positions moved = 3 + 3 + 2 = 8.
Approach:
- Create the empty strings vowel and consonant to store the vowels and consonants of the given string.
- Traverse the given string S and if the current character is vowel then append it to the string vowel string else append is to the string consonant string.
- Store the concatenation of the strings consonant and vowel in the ans string.
- Initialize 2 pointers p1 and p2 such that p1 points to the 1st index of S and p2 points to the index where the first vowel appears in the ans string.
- Initialize a counter variable cnt to 0.
- Every time the character at index p1 matches with character at index p2, add the value of p2 – p1 to cnt and increment the values of p1 and p2 by 1.
- Repeat the step 6 for every index till the last index of ans is reached.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program for the above approach #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to check whether a character // is vowel or not bool isvowel( char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U' ) return true ; else return false ; } // Function that creates a new string // such that all consonants are at // the front of the string void movetofront(string s) { // To store the vowels and // consonants in the same order string vowels, consonants; // To store the resultant string string ans; vowels = consonants = ans = "" ; for ( int i = 0; s[i]; i++) { // Check if s[i] is vowel if (isvowel(s[i])) { vowels += s[i]; } // Else s[i] is consonant else { consonants += s[i]; } } // concatenate the strings formed ans = consonants + vowels; // Pointer variables int p1 = 0; int p2 = consonants.size(); // Counter variable int cnt = 0; // Condition to check if the // given string has only // consonants if (p2 == ans.size()) { cout << 0 << endl; return ; } // Condition to check if the // string has only vowels if (ans.size() == vowels.size()) { cout << 0 << endl; return ; } // Loop to find the count of // number of positions moved while (p2 < ans.size()) { if (ans[p2] == s[p1]) { cnt += p2 - p1; p1++; p2++; } else { p1++; } } cout << cnt << endl; return ; } // Driver Code int main() { // Given string string s = "abcdefghi" ; // Function Call movetofront(s); return 0; } |
Java
// Java program for the above approach import java.util.*; class GFG{ // Function to check whether a character // is vowel or not static boolean isvowel( char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U' ) return true ; else return false ; } // Function that creates a new String // such that all consonants are at // the front of the String static void movetofront(String s) { // To store the vowels and // consonants in the same order String vowels, consonants; // To store the resultant String String ans; vowels = consonants = ans = "" ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < s.length(); i++) { // Check if s.charAt(i) is vowel if (isvowel(s.charAt(i))) { vowels += s.charAt(i); } // Else s.charAt(i) is consonant else { consonants += s.charAt(i); } } // concatenate the Strings formed ans = consonants + vowels; // Pointer variables int p1 = 0 ; int p2 = consonants.length(); // Counter variable int cnt = 0 ; // Condition to check if the // given String has only // consonants if (p2 == ans.length()) { System.out.print( 0 + "\n" ); return ; } // Condition to check if the // String has only vowels if (ans.length() == vowels.length()) { System.out.print( 0 + "\n" ); return ; } // Loop to find the count of // number of positions moved while (p2 < ans.length()) { if (ans.charAt(p2) == s.charAt(p1)) { cnt += p2 - p1; p1++; p2++; } else { p1++; } } System.out.print(cnt + "\n" ); return ; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { // Given String String s = "abcdefghi" ; // Function Call movetofront(s); } } // This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991 |
Python3
# Python3 program for the above approach # Function to check whether a character # is vowel or not def isvowel(x): if (x = = 'a' or x = = 'e' or x = = 'i' or x = = 'o' or x = = 'u' or x = = 'A' or x = = 'E' or x = = 'I' or x = = 'O' or x = = 'U' ): return bool ( True ) else : return bool ( False ) # Function that creates a new string # such that all consonants are at # the front of the string def movetofront(s): # To store the vowels and # consonants in the same order vowels = consonants = ans = "" for i in range ( len (s)): # Check if s[i] is vowel if (isvowel(s[i])): vowels + = s[i] # Else s[i] is consonant else : consonants + = s[i] # concatenate the strings formed ans = consonants + vowels # Pointer variables p1 = 0 p2 = len (consonants) # Counter variable cnt = 0 # Condition to check if the # given string has only # consonants if (p2 = = len (ans)): print ( 0 ) return # Condition to check if the # string has only vowels if ( len (ans) = = len (vowels)): print ( 0 ) return # Loop to find the count of # number of positions moved while (p2 < len (ans)): if (ans[p2] = = s[p1]): cnt + = p2 - p1 p1 + = 1 p2 + = 1 else : p1 + = 1 print (cnt) return # Driver code # Given string s = "abcdefghi" # Function call movetofront(s) # This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07 |
C#
// C# program for the above approach using System; class GFG{ // Function to check whether a character // is vowel or not static bool isvowel( char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U' ) return true ; else return false ; } // Function that creates a new String // such that all consonants are at // the front of the String static void movetofront(String s) { // To store the vowels and // consonants in the same order String vowels, consonants; // To store the resultant String String ans; vowels = consonants = ans = "" ; for ( int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) { // Check if s[i] is vowel if (isvowel(s[i])) { vowels += s[i]; } // Else s[i] is consonant else { consonants += s[i]; } } // concatenate the Strings formed ans = consonants + vowels; // Pointer variables int p1 = 0; int p2 = consonants.Length; // Counter variable int cnt = 0; // Condition to check if the // given String has only // consonants if (p2 == ans.Length) { Console.Write(0 + "\n" ); return ; } // Condition to check if the // String has only vowels if (ans.Length == vowels.Length) { Console.Write(0 + "\n" ); return ; } // Loop to find the count of // number of positions moved while (p2 < ans.Length) { if (ans[p2] == s[p1]) { cnt += p2 - p1; p1++; p2++; } else { p1++; } } Console.Write(cnt + "\n" ); return ; } // Driver Code public static void Main(String[] args) { // Given String String s = "abcdefghi" ; // Function Call movetofront(s); } } // This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991 |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program for the above approach // Function to check whether a character // is vowel or not function isvowel(x) { if ( x === "a" || x === "e" || x === "i" || x === "o" || x === "u" || x === "A" || x === "E" || x === "I" || x === "O" || x === "U" ) return true ; else return false ; } // Function that creates a new String // such that all consonants are at // the front of the String function movetofront(s) { // To store the vowels and // consonants in the same order var vowels, consonants; // To store the resultant String var ans; vowels = consonants = ans = "" ; for ( var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) { // Check if s[i] is vowel if (isvowel(s[i])) { vowels += s[i]; } // Else s[i] is consonant else { consonants += s[i]; } } // concatenate the Strings formed ans = consonants + vowels; // Pointer variables var p1 = 0; var p2 = consonants.length; // Counter variable var cnt = 0; // Condition to check if the // given String has only // consonants if (p2 === ans.length) { document.write(0 + "<br>" ); return ; } // Condition to check if the // String has only vowels if (ans.length === vowels.length) { document.write(0 + "<br>" ); return ; } // Loop to find the count of // number of positions moved while (p2 < ans.length) { if (ans[p2] === s[p1]) { cnt += p2 - p1; p1++; p2++; } else { p1++; } } document.write(cnt + "<br>" ); return ; } // Driver Code // Given String var s = "abcdefghi" ; // Function Call movetofront(s); </script> |
9
Time Complexity: O(N), where N is the length of the string.
Auxiliary Space: O(N), where N is the length of the string.