NCERT Solutions For Class-12 Geography Chapter-2: The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth
NCERT Solutions For Class Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth – This article includes free NCERT Solutions For Class Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth to help students of Class 12 learn the solutions and ace their exams.
It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, and guidelines to help the students of Class 12 create a solid conceptual base for Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth.
NCERT Solutions for Class-12 Geography Chapter-2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth
The solutions for Chapter 2, The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth, are provided below, and students can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 for other subjects as well.
Exercise Pages No. 11- 12
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of population?
(a) Africa (c) Asia
(b) South America (d) North America
Answer:
(a) Africa
(ii) Which one of the following is not an area of sparse population?
(a) The Atacama (c) Equatorial region
(b) South-east Asia (d) Polar regions
Answer:
(b) South-east Asia
(iii) Which one of the following is not a push factor ?
(a) Water shortage (c) Unemployment
(b) Medical/educational facilities (d) Epidemics
Answer:
(b) Medical/educational facilities
(iv) Which one of the following is not a fact ?
(a) Human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years.
Answer:
The statement “Human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years” is a fact. In fact, the world’s population has increased four times in the 20th century alone. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9 billion in 2020. The UN projects that the population will continue to grow, reaching 8.6 billion by mid-2030, 9.8 billion by mid-2050, and 11.2 billion by 2100.
(b) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition?
Answer:
The statement “Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition” is not a fact. In the first stage of demographic transition, the population growth rate increases as the death rate decreases while the birth rate remains high. This is because people reproduce more to compensate for deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three geographical factors that influence the distribution of population.
Answer:
Three geographical factors that influence population distribution are:
- Climate: People tend to avoid extreme climates.
- Availability of water: People prefer to live in areas with access to fresh water.
- Landforms: People prefer to live in flat plains and gentle slopes.
(ii) There are a number of areas with high population density in the world. Why does this happen?
Answer:
High population density occurs due to factors like availability of resources, economic opportunities, urbanization, fertile land, favorable climate, historical development, and government policies, attracting large numbers of people to settle in concentrated areas.
(iii) What are the three components of population change?
Answer:
The three main components of population change are births, deaths, and migration:
- Birth rate: The number of live births per thousand people in a year.
- Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a year.
- Migration: The movement of people from one place to another in search of livelihood. Migration can be internal or international.
3. Distinguish between:
(i) Birth rate and death rate.
Answer:
| Features | Birth Rate | Death Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Number of live births per 1,000 people | Number of deaths per 1,000 people |
| Measurement | Measured annually | Also usually measured annually |
| Impact on population | High birth rates lead to population growth | High death rates can lead to population decline |
| Factors Influencing | Influenced by factors like fertility rates, socioeconomic conditions, cultural norms | Influenced by factors like healthcare access, sanitation, disease prevalence |
| Demographic implications | High birth rates can result in a younger population age structure | High death rates can result in an older population age structure |
| Policy considerations | Policies may focus on family planning, maternal healthcare, and education to manage birth rates | Policies may target improving healthcare infrastructure, disease prevention, and sanitation to reduce death rates |
(ii) Push factors and pull factors of migration
Answer:
| Features | Push Factors | Pull Factors |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Factors that compel individuals to leave their current location and migrate elsewhere | Factors that attract individuals to relocate to a new area |
| Economic Factors | Lack of job opportunities, low wages, economic instability | Availability of employment, higher wages, economic prosperity |
| Social Factors | Political instability, conflict, discrimination, persecution | Social stability, safety, tolerance, better quality of life |
| Environmental Factors | Natural disasters, environmental degradation, climate change | Favorable climate, environmental amenities, natural beauty |
| Demographic Factors | Overpopulation, lack of housing, limited resources | Demographic balance, family reunification, educational opportunities |
| Policy Considerations | Policies may focus on addressing root causes such as poverty, inequality, and conflict | Policies may aim to attract skilled labor, promote investment, and encourage immigration |
| Impact on Origin | Contributes to population loss, brain drain, and social disruption | Can lead to population growth, economic development, and cultural enrichment |
4. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Discuss the factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world.
Answer:
Factors influencing population distribution and density globally include:
- Physical Factors: Availability of resources like water, fertile land, and minerals attract settlement. Favourable climates for agriculture and habitation also play a significant role.
- Economic Factors: Employment opportunities, industrialization, and economic development drive migration to urban centers and areas with thriving economies.
- Social Factors: Stability, safety, healthcare, education, and cultural amenities influence where people choose to live.
- Political Factors: Political stability, governance, policies, and conflicts impact population distribution, with stable regions attracting more settlement.
- Historical Factors: Historical patterns of colonization, trade routes, and cultural heritage shape population distribution and urban development.
- Technological Factors: Transportation infrastructure, communication networks, and access to modern amenities influence where people choose to live and work.
- Government Policies: Policies related to immigration, urban planning, housing, and land use can also affect population distribution and density.
(ii) Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.
Answer:
According to the demographic transition model, the three key stages for the population growth rates and patterns are:
- Stage 1: Pre-Industrial Society
- High birth rates and high death rates result in minimal population growth.
- Life expectancy is low, below 40 years.
- Factors such as disease, famine, and limited medical knowledge keep birth and death rates high, maintaining population equilibrium.
- Population size remains relatively stable over time.
- Stage 2: Transitional Stage
- Industrialization leads to urbanization, with people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of employment.
- Death rates decline due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply, leading to a significant decrease in mortality.
- Birth rates remain high initially, resulting in rapid population growth.
- The gap between birth and death rates widens, leading to a population explosion.
- Stage 3: Industrialized Society
- Economic development, education, and women’s empowerment lead to changes in family size preferences.
- Declining fertility rates result from increased access to contraception, education, and employment opportunities for women.
- Birth rates eventually stabilize at or slightly above replacement level.
- Population growth slows down and may stabilize or even decline, resulting in an aging population.
- Society experiences demographic aging, with a larger proportion of the population being elderly.
Chapter 2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth Summary
Chapter 2 of NCERT Class 12 Geography discusses the distribution, density, and growth of the world population. It examines factors influencing population patterns such as physical environment, economic development, social factors, and government policies. The chapter highlights regional variations in population distribution, density, and growth rates across the globe. It also discusses demographic transition theory, which explains shifts in population growth rates as societies undergo economic and social changes.
FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth
What is the population distribution density of the world?
The world’s population is unevenly distributed, with varying densities across regions, highest in urban areas and along coastlines, and lowest in remote, arid, or mountainous areas.
What is the population growth and distribution of the world?
The world’s population is growing rapidly, unevenly distributed, with concentrations in Asia and Africa, and trends influenced by factors such as fertility rates, urbanization, and socio-economic development.
What is meant by population density?
Population density refers to the measurement of the number of people per unit area, usually expressed as individuals per square kilometer or square mile, indicating the concentration of population within a given area.
Why is population density important?
Population density is important as it helps assess resource allocation, urban planning, environmental impact, and social dynamics within a region, informing policies and strategies for sustainable development and resource management.
What are the three types of population distribution?
The three types of population distribution are clustered, dispersed, and linear, each reflecting different spatial patterns of settlement and density across a geographic area.