Print all pairs of anagrams in a given array of strings
Given an array of strings, find all anagram pairs in the given array.
Example:
Input: arr[] = {"Beginnerquiz", "w3wiki", "abcd", "forBeginnerBeginner", "zuiqkeegs"}; Output: (w3wiki, forBeginnerBeginner), (Beginnerquiz, zuiqkeegs)
We can find whether two strings are anagram or not in linear time using count array (see method 2 of this).
One simple idea to find whether all anagram pairs is to run two nested loops. The outer loop picks all strings one by one. The inner loop checks whether remaining strings are anagram of the string picked by outer loop.
Below is the implementation of this approach :
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define NO_OF_CHARS 256 /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ bool areAnagram(string str1, string str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize all values as 0 int count[NO_OF_CHARS] = {0}; int i; // For each character in input strings, increment count in // the corresponding count array for (i = 0; str1[i] && str2[i]; i++) { count[str1[i]]++; count[str2[i]]--; } // If both strings are of different length. Removing this condition // will make the program fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1[i] || str2[i]) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in count array for (i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i]) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a given array of strings void findAllAnagrams(string arr[], int n) { for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) for ( int j = i+1; j < n; j++) if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) cout << arr[i] << " is anagram of " << arr[j] << endl; } /* Driver program to test to print printDups*/ int main() { string arr[] = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); findAllAnagrams(arr, n); return 0; } |
Java
// Java program to Print all pairs of // anagrams in a given array of strings public class GFG { static final int NO_OF_CHARS = 256 ; /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ static boolean areAnagram(String str1, String str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize // all values as 0 int [] count = new int [NO_OF_CHARS]; int i; // For each character in input strings, // increment count in the corresponding // count array for (i = 0 ; i < str1.length() && i < str2.length(); i++) { count[str1.charAt(i)]++; count[str2.charAt(i)]--; } // If both strings are of different length. // Removing this condition will make the program // fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1.length() != str2.length()) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in // count array for (i = 0 ; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i] != 0 ) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a // given array of strings static void findAllAnagrams(String arr[], int n) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) for ( int j = i+ 1 ; j < n; j++) if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) System.out.println(arr[i] + " is anagram of " + arr[j]); } /* Driver program to test to print printDups*/ public static void main(String args[]) { String arr[] = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = arr.length; findAllAnagrams(arr, n); } } // This code is contributed by Sumit Ghosh |
Python3
# Python3 program to find # best meeting point in 2D array NO_OF_CHARS = 256 # function to check whether two strings # are anagram of each other def areAnagram(str1: str , str2: str ) - > bool : # Create two count arrays and # initialize all values as 0 count = [ 0 ] * NO_OF_CHARS i = 0 # For each character in input strings, # increment count in the corresponding # count array while i < len (str1) and i < len (str2): count[ ord (str1[i])] + = 1 count[ ord (str2[i])] - = 1 i + = 1 # If both strings are of different length. # Removing this condition will make the program # fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if len (str1) ! = len (str2): return False # See if there is any non-zero value # in count array for i in range (NO_OF_CHARS): if count[i]: return False return True # This function prints all anagram pairs # in a given array of strings def findAllAnagrams(arr: list , n: int ): for i in range (n): for j in range (i + 1 , n): if areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j]): print (arr[i], "is anagram of" , arr[j]) # Driver Code if __name__ = = "__main__" : arr = [ "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" ] n = len (arr) findAllAnagrams(arr, n) # This code is contributed by # sanjeev2552 |
C#
// C# program to Print all pairs of // anagrams in a given array of strings using System; class GFG { static int NO_OF_CHARS = 256; /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ static bool areAnagram(String str1, String str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize // all values as 0 int [] count = new int [NO_OF_CHARS]; int i; // For each character in input strings, // increment count in the corresponding // count array for (i = 0; i < str1.Length && i < str2.Length; i++) { count[str1[i]]++; count[str2[i]]--; } // If both strings are of different length. // Removing this condition will make the program // fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1.Length != str2.Length) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in // count array for (i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i] != 0) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a // given array of strings static void findAllAnagrams(String []arr, int n) { for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) for ( int j = i+1; j < n; j++) if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) Console.WriteLine(arr[i] + " is anagram of " + arr[j]); } /* Driver program to test to print printDups*/ public static void Main() { String []arr = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = arr.Length; findAllAnagrams(arr, n); } } // This code is contributed by nitin mittal |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to find // best meeting point in 2D array let NO_OF_CHARS = 256 // function to check whether two strings // are anagram of each other function areAnagram(str1, str2){ // Create two count arrays and // initialize all values as 0 let count = []; for (let i = 0;i< NO_OF_CHARS;i++) count[i] = 0; let i = 0; // For each character in input strings, // increment count in the corresponding // count array while (i < (str1).length && i < (str2).length){ count[ord(str1[i])] += 1; count[ord(str2[i])] -= 1; i += 1; } // If both strings are of different length. // Removing this condition will make the program // fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if ( (str1).length != (str2).length) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value // in count array for (let i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++){ if (count[i]) return false ; return True; } } // This function prints all anagram pairs // in a given array of strings function findAllAnagrams(arr, n){ for (let i = 0; i < n; i++){ for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++){ if areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j]) document.write(arr[i]+ "is anagram of" +arr[j]) } } } // Driver Code let arr = [ "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" ]; let n = (arr).length; findAllAnagrams(arr, n); // This code is contributed by Rohitsingh07052. </script> |
Beginnerquiz is anagram of zuiqkeegs w3wiki is anagram of forBeginnerBeginner
The time complexity of the above solution is O(n2*m) where n is number of strings and m is maximum length of a string.
Auxiliary Space: O(1) or O(256).
Optimizations:
We can optimize the above solution using following approaches.
1) Using sorting: We can sort array of strings so that all anagrams come together. Then print all anagrams by linearly traversing the sorted array. The time complexity of this solution is O(mnLogn) (We would be doing O(nLogn) comparisons in sorting and a comparison would take O(m) time)
Below is the implementation of this approach :
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define NO_OF_CHARS 256 /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ bool areAnagram(string str1, string str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize all values as 0 int count[NO_OF_CHARS] = {0}; int i; // For each character in input strings, increment count in // the corresponding count array for (i = 0; str1[i] && str2[i]; i++) { count[str1[i]]++; count[str2[i]]--; } // If both strings are of different length. Removing this condition // will make the program fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1[i] || str2[i]) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in count array for (i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i]) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a given array of strings void findAllAnagrams(string arr[], int n) { for ( int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { for ( int j = i+1; j < n; j++) { // If the original strings are anagrams, print them if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) cout << arr[i] << " is anagram of " << arr[j] << endl; } } } /* Driver program to test to print printDups*/ int main() { string arr[] = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); findAllAnagrams(arr, n); return 0; } |
Java
import java.util.Arrays; public class Anagram { final static int NO_OF_CHARS = 256 ; /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ static boolean areAnagram(String str1, String str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize all values as 0 int [] count = new int [NO_OF_CHARS]; Arrays.fill(count, 0 ); // For each character in input strings, increment count in // the corresponding count array for ( int i = 0 ; i < str1.length() && i < str2.length(); i++) { count[str1.charAt(i)]++; count[str2.charAt(i)]--; } // If both strings are of different length. Removing this condition // will make the program fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1.length() != str2.length()) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in count array for ( int i = 0 ; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i] != 0 ) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a given array of strings static void findAllAnagrams(String arr[], int n) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++) { for ( int j = i + 1 ; j < n; j++) { // If the original strings are anagrams, print them if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) System.out.println(arr[i] + " is anagram of " + arr[j]); } } } /* Driver program to test to print printDups */ public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = arr.length; findAllAnagrams(arr, n); } } |
Python3
NO_OF_CHARS = 256 def areAnagram(str1, str2): NO_OF_CHARS = 256 count = [ 0 ] * NO_OF_CHARS # For each character in input strings, increment count in # the corresponding count array for i in range ( max ( len (str1), len (str2))): if i < len (str1): count[ ord (str1[i])] + = 1 if i < len (str2): count[ ord (str2[i])] - = 1 # See if there is any non-zero value in count array for i in range (NO_OF_CHARS): if count[i]: return False return True def findAllAnagrams(arr, n): for i in range (n - 1 ): for j in range (i + 1 , n): # If the original strings are anagrams, print them if areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j]): print (arr[i], "is anagram of" , arr[j]) # Driver code if __name__ = = "__main__" : arr = [ "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" ] n = len (arr) findAllAnagrams(arr, n) |
C#
using System; public class Anagram { const int NO_OF_CHARS = 256; /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ static bool AreAnagram( string str1, string str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize all values as 0 int [] count = new int [NO_OF_CHARS]; Array.Fill(count, 0); // For each character in input strings, increment count in // the corresponding count array for ( int i = 0; i < str1.Length && i < str2.Length; i++) { count[str1[i]]++; count[str2[i]]--; } // If both strings are of different length. Removing this condition // will make the program fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1.Length != str2.Length) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in count array for ( int i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i] != 0) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a given array of strings static void FindAllAnagrams( string [] arr, int n) { for ( int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { for ( int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { // If the original strings are anagrams, print them if (AreAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) Console.WriteLine(arr[i] + " is anagram of " + arr[j]); } } } /* Driver program to test to print printDups */ public static void Main( string [] args) { string [] arr = { "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" }; int n = arr.Length; FindAllAnagrams(arr, n); } } |
Javascript
const NO_OF_CHARS = 256; /* function to check whether two strings are anagram of each other */ function areAnagram(str1, str2) { // Create two count arrays and initialize all values as 0 const count = Array(NO_OF_CHARS).fill(0); // For each character in input strings, increment count in // the corresponding count array for (let i = 0; i < str1.length && i < str2.length; i++) { count[str1.charCodeAt(i)]++; count[str2.charCodeAt(i)]--; } // If both strings are of different length. Removing this condition // will make the program fail for strings like "aaca" and "aca" if (str1.length != str2.length) return false ; // See if there is any non-zero value in count array for (let i = 0; i < NO_OF_CHARS; i++) if (count[i]) return false ; return true ; } // This function prints all anagram pairs in a given array of strings function findAllAnagrams(arr) { const n = arr.length; for (let i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { for (let j = i+1; j < n; j++) { // If the original strings are anagrams, print them if (areAnagram(arr[i], arr[j])) console.log(`${arr[i]} is anagram of ${arr[j]}`); } } } /* Driver program to test to print printDups*/ const arr = [ "Beginnerquiz" , "w3wiki" , "abcd" , "forBeginnerBeginner" , "zuiqkeegs" ]; findAllAnagrams(arr); |
Beginnerquiz is anagram of zuiqkeegs w3wiki is anagram of forBeginnerBeginner
Space complexity :- O(1)
2) Using Hashing: We can build a hash function like XOR or sum of ASCII values of all characters for a string. Using such a hash function, we can build a hash table. While building the hash table, we can check if a value is already hashed. If yes, we can call areAnagrams() to check if two strings are actually anagrams (Note that xor or sum of ASCII values is not sufficient, see Kaushik Lele’s comment here)