Smallest number with at least n trailing zeroes in factorial
Given a number n. The task is to find the smallest number whose factorial contains at least n trailing zeroes.
Examples :
Input : n = 1
Output : 5
1!, 2!, 3!, 4! does not contain trailing zero.
5! = 120, which contains one trailing zero.
Input : n = 6
Output : 25
Approach:
In this approach, we use a while loop to iterate over each number starting from 1. For each number, we count the number of trailing zeroes in its factorial by continuously dividing it by 5 and adding the result to the answer until the number becomes less than 5. Once the count of trailing zeroes becomes greater than or equal to n, we return the current number as the answer.
Implementation of the above approach:
C++
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int findNum( int n) { int num = 1; int cnt = 0; while ( true ) { int temp = num; while (temp % 5 == 0) { cnt++; temp /= 5; } if (cnt >= n) { return num; } num++; } } int main() { int n = 6; cout << findNum(n) << endl; return 0; } |
Java
import java.util.*; public class Main { public static int findNum( int n) { int num = 1 ; int cnt = 0 ; while ( true ) { int temp = num; while (temp % 5 == 0 ) { cnt++; temp /= 5 ; } if (cnt >= n) { return num; } num++; } } public static void main(String[] args) { int n = 6 ; System.out.println(findNum(n)); } } // This code is contributed by Prajwal Kandekar |
Python3
def findNum(n): num = 1 cnt = 0 while True : temp = num while temp % 5 = = 0 : cnt + = 1 temp / / = 5 if cnt > = n: return num num + = 1 n = 6 print (findNum(n)) |
C#
using System; class Program { static int findNum( int n) { int num = 1; int cnt = 0; while ( true ) { int temp = num; while (temp % 5 == 0) { cnt++; temp /= 5; } if (cnt >= n) { return num; } num++; } } static void Main( string [] args) { int n = 6; Console.WriteLine(findNum(n)); } } |
Javascript
// Function to find the number function findNum(n) { let num = 1; let cnt = 0; while ( true ) { // while loop which is always true let temp = num; while (temp % 5 === 0) { cnt += 1; temp = Math.floor(temp / 5); // Taking the floor of the number } if (cnt >= n) { return num; // return the num and stop the while loop } num += 1; } } // Driver code const n = 6; console.log(findNum(n)); |
25
Time Complexity: o(n log n) because we need to calculate the trailing zeroes for each number from 1 to the answer. Calculating the trailing zeroes requires dividing the current number by 5 multiple times, which takes O(log n) time in the worst case.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Approach:
In the article for Count trailing zeroes in factorial of a number, we have discussed number of zeroes is equal to number of 5’s in prime factors of x!. We have discussed below formula to count number of 5’s.
Trailing 0s in x! = Count of 5s in prime factors of x!
= floor(x/5) + floor(x/25) + floor(x/125) + ....
Let us take few examples to observe pattern
5! has 1 trailing zeroes
[All numbers from 6 to 9
have 1 trailing zero]
10! has 2 trailing zeroes
[All numbers from 11 to 14
have 2 trailing zeroes]
15! to 19! have 3 trailing zeroes
20! to 24! have 4 trailing zeroes
25! to 29! have 6 trailing zeroes
We can notice that, the maximum value whose factorial contain n trailing zeroes is 5*n.
So, to find minimum value whose factorial contains n trailing zeroes, use binary search on range from 0 to 5*n. And, find the smallest number whose factorial contains n trailing zeroes.
C++
// C++ program to find smallest number whose // factorial contains at least n trailing // zeroes. #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Return true if number's factorial contains // at least n trailing zero else false. bool check( int p, int n) { int temp = p, count = 0, f = 5; while (f <= temp) { count += temp/f; f = f*5; } return (count >= n); } // Return smallest number whose factorial // contains at least n trailing zeroes int findNum( int n) { // If n equal to 1, return 5. // since 5! = 120. if (n==1) return 5; // Initialising low and high for binary // search. int low = 0; int high = 5*n; // Binary Search. while (low <high) { int mid = (low + high) >> 1; // Checking if mid's factorial contains // n trailing zeroes. if (check(mid, n)) high = mid; else low = mid+1; } return low; } // driver code int main() { int n = 6; cout << findNum(n) << endl; return 0; } |
Java
// Java program to find smallest number whose // factorial contains at least n trailing // zeroes. class GFG { // Return true if number's factorial contains // at least n trailing zero else false. static boolean check( int p, int n) { int temp = p, count = 0 , f = 5 ; while (f <= temp) { count += temp / f; f = f * 5 ; } return (count >= n); } // Return smallest number whose factorial // contains at least n trailing zeroes static int findNum( int n) { // If n equal to 1, return 5. // since 5! = 120. if (n== 1 ) return 5 ; // Initialising low and high for binary // search. int low = 0 ; int high = 5 * n; // Binary Search. while (low < high) { int mid = (low + high) >> 1 ; // Checking if mid's factorial // contains n trailing zeroes. if (check(mid, n)) high = mid; else low = mid + 1 ; } return low; } // Driver code public static void main (String[] args) { int n = 6 ; System.out.println(findNum(n)); } } // This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal. |
Python3
# Python3 program to find smallest # number whose # factorial contains at least # n trailing zeroes # Return true if number's factorial contains # at least n trailing zero else false. def check(p,n): temp = p count = 0 f = 5 while (f < = temp): count + = temp / / f f = f * 5 return (count > = n) # Return smallest number whose factorial # contains at least n trailing zeroes def findNum(n): # If n equal to 1, return 5. # since 5! = 120. if (n = = 1 ): return 5 # Initializing low and high for binary # search. low = 0 high = 5 * n # Binary Search. while (low <high): mid = (low + high) >> 1 # Checking if mid's factorial contains # n trailing zeroes. if (check(mid, n)): high = mid else : low = mid + 1 return low # driver code n = 6 print (findNum(n)) # This code is contributed # by Anant Agarwal. |
C#
// C# program to find smallest number whose // factorial contains at least n trailing // zeroes. using System; class GFG { // Return true if number's factorial contains // at least n trailing zero else false. static bool check( int p, int n) { int temp = p, count = 0, f = 5; while (f <= temp) { count += temp / f; f = f * 5; } return (count >= n); } // Return smallest number whose factorial // contains at least n trailing zeroes static int findNum( int n) { // If n equal to 1, return 5. // since 5! = 120. if (n == 1) return 5; // Initialising low and high for binary // search. int low = 0; int high = 5 * n; // Binary Search. while (low < high) { int mid = (low + high) >> 1; // Checking if mid's factorial // contains n trailing zeroes. if (check(mid, n)) high = mid; else low = mid + 1; } return low; } // Driver code public static void Main () { int n = 6; Console.WriteLine(findNum(n)); } } // This code is contributed by vt_m. |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to find smallest number whose // factorial contains at least n trailing // zeroes. // Return true if number's factorial contains // at least n trailing zero else false. function check(p, n) { let temp = p, count = 0, f = 5; while (f <= temp) { count += Math.floor(temp/f); f = f*5; } return (count >= n); } // Return smallest number whose factorial // contains at least n trailing zeroes function findNum(n) { // If n equal to 1, return 5. // since 5! = 120. if (n==1) return 5; // Initialising low and high for binary // search. let low = 0; let high = 5*n; // Binary Search. while (low <high) { let mid = (low + high) >> 1; // Checking if mid's factorial contains // n trailing zeroes. if (check(mid, n)) high = mid; else low = mid+1; } return low; } // driver code let n = 6; document.write(findNum(n) + "<br>" ); // This code is contributed by Surbhi Tyagi </script> |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to find smallest // number whose factorial contains // at least n trailing zeroes. // Return true if number's // factorial contains at // least n trailing zero // else false. function check( $p , $n ) { $temp = $p ; $count = 0; $f = 5; while ( $f <= $temp ) { $count += $temp / $f ; $f = $f * 5; } return ( $count >= $n ); } // Return smallest number // whose factorial contains // at least n trailing zeroes function findNum( $n ) { // If n equal to 1, return 5. // since 5! = 120. if ( $n == 1) return 5; // Initialising low and high // for binary search. $low = 0; $high = 5 * $n ; // Binary Search. while ( $low < $high ) { $mid = ( $low + $high ) >> 1; // Checking if mid's factorial // contains n trailing zeroes. if (check( $mid , $n )) $high = $mid ; else $low = $mid + 1; } return $low ; } // Driver Code $n = 6; echo (findNum( $n )); // This code is contributed by Ajit. ?> |
25
Time Complexity: O(log2N)
We take log2N in binary search and our check() function takes log5N time so the overall time complexity becomes log2N * log5N which in a more general sense can be written as (logN)2 which can also be written as log2N.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
As constant extra space is used.