Solidity – Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the ability to process data in more than one form. Like any other programming language, Solidity also supports polymorphism. Solidity supports two types of polymorphism, Function Polymorphism, and Contract Polymorphism.
Function Polymorphism
Function Polymorphism is also known as method overloading. In function polymorphism, multiple functions are declared as having the same name within the same contract or inheriting contract. Functions differ on the basis of the number of parameters or parameter datatypes. Declaration of function cannot be overloaded by functions that differ only in return type.
Example: In the below example, the contract methodOverloading defines two functions with the same name but different argument lists to demonstrate function polymorphism.
Solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0; /// @title A contract for demonstrate Function Polymorphism /// @author Jitendra Kumar /// @notice For now, this contract just show how Function Polymorphism approach works contract methodOverloading { // Function to get value // of the string variable function getValue( string memory _strin) public pure returns( string memory){ return _strin; } // function to get value of // the unsigned integer variable function getValue( uint _num) public pure returns( uint){ return _num; } } |
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Contract Polymorphism
Contract polymorphism means using multiple contract instances interchangeably when they are related to each other by using inheritance. This helps in calling the child contract functions using the instance of the parent contract.
Example: In the below example, the contract parent is derived by the child contract child, to demonstrate contract polymorphism. ContractPolymorphism is the driver contract.
Solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0; /// @title A contract for demonstrate Contract Polymorphism concept /// @author Jitendra Kumar /// @notice For now, this contract just show how Contract Polymorphism approach works contract parent{ // Internal state variable uint internal sum; // Function to set the value of // internal state variable sum function setValue( uint _num1, uint _num2) public { sum = _num1 + _num2; } // Function to return a value 10 function getValue( ) public view virtual returns(uint) { return 10; } } // Defining child contract contract child is parent{ // Function getValue overloaded // to return internal state // variable sum defined in the // parent contract function getValue( ) public view override returns(uint) { return sum; } } // Defining calling contract contract ContractPolymorphism { // Creating object parent pc = new child(); // Function to set values // of 2 unsigned integers function getInput( uint _num1, uint _num2) public { pc.setValue(_num1, _num2); } // Function to get value of // internal state variable sum function getSum( ) public view returns(uint){ return pc.getValue(); } } |
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