Tracking current Maximum Element in a Stack
Given a Stack, keep track of the maximum value in it. The maximum value may be the top element of the stack, but once a new element is pushed or an element is popped from the stack, the maximum element will be now from the rest of the elements.
Examples:
Input : 4 19 7 14 20
Output : Max Values in stack are4 19 19 19 20
Input : 40 19 7 14 20 5
Output : Max Values in stack are40 40 40 40 40 40
Method 1 (Brute-force):
We keep pushing the elements in the main stack and whenever we are asked to return the maximum element, we traverse the stack and print the max element.
Time Complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)
Method 2 (Efficient): An efficient approach would be to maintain an auxiliary stack while pushing element in the main stack. This auxiliary stack will keep track of the maximum element.
Below is the step by step algorithm to do this:
- Create an auxiliary stack, say ‘trackStack’ to keep the track of maximum element
- Push the first element to both mainStack and the trackStack.
- Now from the second element, push the element to the main stack. Compare the element with the top element of the track stack, if the current element is greater than the top of trackStack then push the current element to trackStack otherwise push the top element of trackStack again into it.
- If we pop an element from the main stack, then pop an element from the trackStack as well.
- Now to compute the maximum of the main stack at any point, we can simply print the top element of Track stack.
Step by step explanation :
Suppose the elements are pushed on to the stack in the order {4, 2, 14, 1, 18}
- Step 1 : Push 4, Current max : 4
- Step 2 : Push 2, Current max : 4
- Step 3 : Push 14, Current max : 14
- Step 4 : Push 1, Current max : 14
- Step 5 : Push 18, Current max : 18
- Step 6 : Pop 18, Current max : 14
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program to keep track of maximum // element in a stack #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class StackWithMax { // main stack stack< int > mainStack; // stack to keep track of max element stack< int > trackStack; public : void push( int x) { mainStack.push(x); if (mainStack.size() == 1) { trackStack.push(x); return ; } // If current element is greater than // the top element of track stack, push // the current element to track stack // otherwise push the element at top of // track stack again into it. if (x > trackStack.top()) trackStack.push(x); else trackStack.push(trackStack.top()); } int getMax() { return trackStack.top(); } void pop() { mainStack.pop(); trackStack.pop(); } }; // Driver program to test above functions int main() { StackWithMax s; s.push(20); cout << s.getMax() << endl; s.push(10); cout << s.getMax() << endl; s.push(50); cout << s.getMax() << endl; return 0; } |
Java
// Java program to keep track of maximum // element in a stack import java.util.*; class GfG { static class StackWithMax { // main stack static Stack<Integer> mainStack = new Stack<Integer> (); // Stack to keep track of max element static Stack<Integer> trackStack = new Stack<Integer> (); static void push( int x) { mainStack.push(x); if (mainStack.size() == 1 ) { trackStack.push(x); return ; } // If current element is greater than // the top element of track stack, push // the current element to track stack // otherwise push the element at top of // track stack again into it. if (x > trackStack.peek()) trackStack.push(x); else trackStack.push(trackStack.peek()); } static int getMax() { return trackStack.peek(); } static void pop() { mainStack.pop(); trackStack.pop(); } }; // Driver program to test above functions public static void main(String[] args) { StackWithMax s = new StackWithMax(); s.push( 20 ); System.out.println(s.getMax()); s.push( 10 ); System.out.println(s.getMax()); s.push( 50 ); System.out.println(s.getMax()); } } |
Python3
# Python3 program to keep track of # maximum element in a stack class StackWithMax: def __init__( self ): # main stack self .mainStack = [] # stack to keep track of # max element self .trackStack = [] def push( self , x): self .mainStack.append(x) if ( len ( self .mainStack) = = 1 ): self .trackStack.append(x) return # If current element is greater than # the top element of track stack, # append the current element to track # stack otherwise append the element # at top of track stack again into it. if (x > self .trackStack[ - 1 ]): self .trackStack.append(x) else : self .trackStack.append( self .trackStack[ - 1 ]) def getMax( self ): return self .trackStack[ - 1 ] def pop( self ): self .mainStack.pop() self .trackStack.pop() # Driver Code if __name__ = = '__main__' : s = StackWithMax() s.push( 20 ) print (s.getMax()) s.push( 10 ) print (s.getMax()) s.push( 50 ) print (s.getMax()) # This code is contributed by PranchalK |
C#
// C# program to keep track of maximum // element in a stack using System; using System.Collections.Generic; class GfG { public class StackWithMax { // main stack static Stack< int > mainStack = new Stack< int > (); // stack to keep track of max element static Stack< int > trackStack = new Stack< int > (); public void push( int x) { mainStack.Push(x); if (mainStack.Count == 1) { trackStack.Push(x); return ; } // If current element is greater than // the top element of track stack, push // the current element to track stack // otherwise push the element at top of // track stack again into it. if (x > trackStack.Peek()) trackStack.Push(x); else trackStack.Push(trackStack.Peek()); } public int getMax() { return trackStack.Peek(); } public void pop() { mainStack.Pop(); trackStack.Pop(); } }; // Driver code public static void Main() { StackWithMax s = new StackWithMax(); s.push(20); Console.WriteLine(s.getMax()); s.push(10); Console.WriteLine(s.getMax()); s.push(50); Console.WriteLine(s.getMax()); } } /* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */ |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to keep track of maximum // element in a stack // main stack let mainStack = []; // stack to keep track of max element let trackStack = []; function push(x) { mainStack.push(x); if (mainStack.length == 1) { trackStack.push(x); return ; } // If current element is greater than // the top element of track stack, push // the current element to track stack // otherwise push the element at top of // track stack again into it. if (x > trackStack[trackStack.length - 1]) trackStack.push(x); else trackStack.push(trackStack[trackStack.length - 1]); } function getMax() { return trackStack[trackStack.length - 1]; } function pop() { mainStack.pop(); trackStack.pop(); } push(20); document.write(getMax() + "</br>" ); push(10); document.write(getMax() + "</br>" ); push(50); document.write(getMax()); // This code is contributed by rameshtravel07. </script> |
20 20 50
Time Complexity : O(1)
Auxiliary Complexity : O(n)