Architecture

During Akbar’s reign, many indigenous art styles were encouraged which led to the common use of sandstone. Akbar built a series of forts, the most famous was a fort of Agra and other forts are in Lahore and Allahabad. He built Fatehpur Sikri near Agra and many buildings of Gujarati and Bengali styles are found in this complex.

He built his own tomb at Sikandra which was completed by Jahangir. Also built was the temple of Govindadeva at Vrindavan and also Jahangir Mahal at Agra Fort. He also commissioned illustrations of several literary and religious texts and Baswan, Miskina and Jaswant attained great positions in his court. Historical works like Akbarnama also remained the main themes of Mughal paintings and the language of Persian became widespread during this time.

Akbar Biography- History, Reign and Religious Policy

Akbar, also known as Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar was one of the greatest rulers during the Mughal period. He was born on 15th October 1542 in Umarkot, presently in Pakistan, and died on 25th October 1605 in Agra. He was responsible for extending power over most of the Indian subcontinent and reigned from 1556 to 1605. Various measures were adopted by Akbar to win the loyalty of the Hindu population and other non-Muslim populations.

Akbar’s Biography

Table of Content

  • Personal Details on Akbar
  • Akbar History
  • Akbar’s Religious Policy
  • Akbar Reign
  • Administrative System Under Akbar
  • Land Revenue System
  • Navratna of Akbar

Mughal Empire

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Who Was Akbar?

Akbar’s full name is Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar. He was born in Umarkot on October 15th in 1542 and died in 25th October 1605 at Agra in India. He is one of the most successful rulers from Mughal empire and extend the empire to almost all over Indian subcontinent and reigned between 1556 to 1605. Akbar focused on the centralization of his financial system and reorganization of tax and had a keen interest in various religions. Akbar was illiterate and encouraged art and also encouraged different scholars, poets, etc. to show their art in front of him....

Personal Details on Akbar

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History of Akbar

Akbar was one of the greatest and most successful monarchs of the Mughal empire. He was the son of Humayun and Hamida Banu Begum, born in 1542 CE. When Humayun died, Akbar was at Kalanaur in Punjab, commanding an operation against the Afghan rebel. He was crowned at Kalanaur in 1556....

Akbar’s Religious Policy

Akbar gained respect and rose to a lot of fame due to his religious policies. His teacher Abdul Latif’s impact great on Akbar. He carried administration on the basis of Sufi doctrine which means ‘ universal brotherhood’. This was taught to him by his teacher. He prohibited forced religious conversions in 1562. He permitted Christians and Hindus to build their respective churches and temples. He prohibited cow slaughter in respect of Hindus and celebrated their festivals....

Akbar Reign

The Conquest of Akbar is from northern India from Agra to Gujarat and from Agra to Bengal, also strengthened his hold in the northwestern frontier and later went to Deccan....

Rajput Policy of Akbar

He married a Rajput princess, the daughter of Raja Bharmal. It was a major thing in the history of the Mughals. He gave important posts in his court to Rajputs. Rajputs served the Mughals for four generations.  Many of them rose to positions of military generals. The important administrative position was given to Raja Bhagwan Das and Raja Man Singh. He abolished the Jizya tax in 1564 and the pilgrim tax in 1563 which was imposed on Hindus. He never forced his Rajput wives to convert to their religion and gave them religious freedom. Akbar treated Rajputs with dignity and honor....

Rebellion and further expansion

Around 1580-1581, Akbar had to face many rebellions, mostly in Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, and the northwest. The main reason for the rebellions was the strict enforcement of the dagh system and strict accounting of their income. This was aggravated by Akbar’s liberal religious policies and his policy of resuming large revenue-free grants of land which had been sometimes obtained illegally. Rebellions kept the Mughals distracted for 2 years....

Administrative System Under Akbar

Organisation of Government...

Land Revenue System

The land revenue system of Akbar was called Zabti. It was based on Sher Shah’s land revenue system with certain changes; further improved by Raja Todar Mal and named the Dahsala system. The revenue was fixed on an average yield of land assessed on basis of the past 10 years and one-third of the average produce was state share and payments were in cash. The land was classified into 4 types: Polaj, Parauti, Chachar, and Banjar....

Mansabdari System

Akbar organized his nobility as well army by means of the mansabdari system. Every officer was assigned a rank- mansab. The highest rank was 5000 for nobles and the lowest was 10. Ranks were divided into two:...

Jagirdari System

The Jagirdari system assigned revenue of a particular territory to nobles for services to the state and it was a modified version of the iqta of the Delhi Sultanate and an integral part of the mansabdari system. Classification of jagirs are as follows:...

Architecture

During Akbar’s reign, many indigenous art styles were encouraged which led to the common use of sandstone. Akbar built a series of forts, the most famous was a fort of Agra and other forts are in Lahore and Allahabad. He built Fatehpur Sikri near Agra and many buildings of Gujarati and Bengali styles are found in this complex....

Navratna of Akbar

Nine of the courtiers were known as Akbar’s navratnas or nine jewels. The following are the names:...

FAQs on Akbar

Who was the favorite wife of Akbar?...