Characteristics of Virus

M.W. Beijerinek discovered that healthy plants get infected from the extract of an infectious tobacco and named the new pathogen a ‘virus’. W. M. Stanley demonstrated that the virus could be crystallized, and the crystal consisted of proteins. Following are few of its characteristics :

  • Viruses are submicroscopic organisms. They are even smaller than bacteria.
  • They are non-cellular and lack cell organelles.
  • Viruses act as connecting links between the living and the non-living.
  • Viruses are obligate parasites.
  • Viruses contain protein and genetic material that could either be DNA or RNA but can never be both.
  • They require a host cell to multiply as they cannot live on their own.
  • They can infect all life forms- humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Virus in Biology

Virus is an infectious agent of the submicroscopic size that cannot survive alone. Hence, it infects cells of other living organisms and replicates itself using the components of these host cells. Its biological structure is comprised of a fragment of nucleic acid that could either be DNA or RNA. The most commonly known examples of viruses are HIV Virus, Coronavirus, Ebola virus, etc.

In this article, you will learn about what is virus in biology, characteristics of virus, its structure, importance, reproduction and examples of virus.

Table of Content

  • What is Virus in Biology?
  • Characteristics of Virus
  • Classification of Virus
  • Structure of Virus
  • Example of a Bacterial Virus
  • Reproduction in Virus
  • Importance of Virus
  • Diseases caused by Virus

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What is Virus in Biology?

A virus is a unique entity that resides within a host’s body. These non-cellular entities, when outside a living cell, possess a dormant crystalline structure. On the other hand, when present inside a living form, their tendency is to make use of the host cell to create multiple copies. Typically, this leads to the destruction of the host cell, resulting in damage to the host organism. All living things, including bacteria and archaea, as well as plants, animals, and microbes, are infected by the virus. Viruses are not considered to be ‘ truly living ‘. That is why viruses are excluded from Whittaker’s taxonomy, which categorizes living things into five Kingdoms. The study of viruses is known as virology....

Characteristics of Virus

M.W. Beijerinek discovered that healthy plants get infected from the extract of an infectious tobacco and named the new pathogen a ‘virus’. W. M. Stanley demonstrated that the virus could be crystallized, and the crystal consisted of proteins. Following are few of its characteristics :...

Classification of Virus

Virus can be classified either on the basis of the nucleic acid they contain or on the basis of their structure.iruses can be classified based on various phenotypic characteristics, including nucleic acid type, morphology, mode of replication, chemical composition, host organisms, size, shape, and the type of disease they cause. Baltimore classification, created by virologist David Baltimore in 1971, is the most accepted classification for studying viruses....

Structure of Virus

Viruses are submicroscopic organisms that vary in size between 30-50 nm. Following are the keypoints regarding the structure of a virus:...

Example of a Bacterial Virus

Bacteriophage...

Reproduction in Virus

Virus can reprouce through two ways- Lysogenic Cycle and the Lytic cycle. The process used by the majority of the virus to reproduce is known as Lytic Cycle. During Lytic infection, the virus penetrates the host cell, multiplies, and causes the cell to lyse or burst....

Importance of Virus

Viruses are known to cause fatal diseases in humans, but they also have significant roles in our daily life. The importance of the virus is outlined as follows:...

Diseases caused by Virus

When a virus enters the human body, it spreads via replicating which results in a viral disease. The virus will intiate the body’s immune response which in case is weak, will result in the body getting ill. A typical viral infection is a cold. Following are some other viral diseases:...

Summary – Virus

A virus, in the field of biology, is a unique infectious agent that blurs the line between living and non-living entities. These submicroscopic entities consist of genetic material, DNA or RNA, encased in a protein coat, and some may have an outer lipid envelope. Viruses lack the cellular machinery found in living organisms and rely on host cells for replication. They are known for causing various diseases in humans and other organisms, including examples like HIV, Coronavirus, and Ebola....

FAQs on Virus in Biology

1. What is virus?...