Classification of Organisms

Hierarchical systems of classification are those in which the largest groupings are arranged first, followed by the smallest. Organisms that are arranged into groups are simpler to examine.

The kingdom is the largest group. Each kingdom is further subdivided into phyla (singular phylum). Each phylum is subdivided into classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Various fungi, plants, animals, and microbes are referred to as distinct “species.” A species is a potentially interbreeding group of creatures that may generate viable offspring that themselves can interbreed. Thus, creatures of of two different species, such as a zebra a horse, cannot interbreed, whereas animals of the same species can.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is derived from two Greek words taxis, meaning order, and nomos, meaning rule. The system of naming and categorizing flora, fauna, and microorganisms is known as taxonomy. Taxonomists identify and classify species using observations of their morphology, behaviour, genetics, and biochemistry. It is estimated that between 10 and 15 million species have evolved on Earth but taxonomists have only identified 1.78 million species of plants, animals, and microorganisms to date. Taxonomy is not limited to just biology but it has been developed in other practical fields also such as computing.

Table of Content

  • Classification of organisms
  • The Linnaean system ( Naming of organisms)
  • Three Domains of Classification
  • Whittaker’s five kingdom classification
  • Plant Taxonomy
  • Animal Taxonomy
  • Levels of Taxonomy
  • FAQ’s on Taxonomy

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Classification of Organisms

Hierarchical systems of classification are those in which the largest groupings are arranged first, followed by the smallest. Organisms that are arranged into groups are simpler to examine....

The Linnaean system ( Naming of organisms)

The most common and the best-known taxonomies in biology is the one devised by the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus (1707 – 1778). He is known as the father of Taxonomy. In his Linnean system of binomial nomenclature (binomial = two names; nomenclature = naming), each organism is classified based on its genus and its species. Both the terms used are Latinized. For example, the modern humans are known as Homo sapiens....

Three Domains of Classification

All organisms are divided into three main Domains....

Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification

Within a given kingdom, all species shares many traits with respect to their growth and behaviour. There used to be just two kingdoms for plants and animals. Whittaker proposed in 1969 that protozoa belong to the animal kingdom and bacteria to the plant world. He classified the kingdoms into five. The most widely recognised taxonomy of the five kingdoms of nature is still in place today, while recent developments in genetics have prompted new suggestions for change. Such is the situation for the sixth kingdom of Carl Woese and George Fox, who categorised bacteria into two types (Archaea and Bacteria) in 1977, and the seventh kingdom of Cavalier-Smith, who added a new group to the previous six for algae known as Chromista....

Plant Taxonomy

Kingdom Plantae is divided into the following four phylum. The important characteristic features of the different phyla of Kingdom Plantae....

Animal Taxonomy

Kingdom Animalia is divided into the following eleven phylum. The important characteristic features of the different phyla of Kingdom Animalia...

Levels of Taxonomy

There are three levels of taxonomy corresponding with three periods of taxonomy:...

Conclusion

To conclude, the classification of organisms into groups reflect their evolutionary and morphological relationships: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Taxonomy has significance in placing organisms in ranks, determining which category a new organism belongs to in order to identify it. Organisms that are arranged into groups are simpler to examine. Taxonomy is developed not only in biology but also in other practical fields....

FAQ’s on Taxonomy

1. Who is the Father of Taxonomy?...