Components of Single-Phase Induction Motor
A single-phase induction motor consists of several key components:
1. Stator of Single Phase Induction Motor
The stator is the stationary part of the motor and contains the primary winding and an auxiliary winding. The main winding is designed to produce a magnetic field when an AC voltage is applied. The auxiliary winding, found in motors, provides a phase shift to create a rotating magnetic field. When a single phase AC supply is applied to the stator winding, the magnetic field is generated, and the motor starts rotating at a speed slightly less than the synchronous speed Ns. Synchronous speed Ns is given by:
[Tex]N_{s} = \frac{120f}{P} [/Tex]
Where,
f = supply voltage frequency
P = No. of poles of the motor.
The construction of the single-phase induction motor’s stator is similar to that of the three-phase induction motor, with the exception of two differences in the winding component of the single phase induction motor.
- Single phase induction motor are provided with concentric circle. We can easily adjust the number of turns per coil can with the help of concentric coils.
- Asynchronous motors, with the exception of shaded pole motors, have two stator windings: the primary winding and the auxiliary winding. These two windings are in spatial quadrature to one another.
2. Rotor of Single Phase Induction Motor
The rotor is the rotating part of the motor. In single-phase induction motors, the rotor is made up of a squirrel-cage consists of conductive bars embedded in slots around in rotor’s periphery. These bars are short-circuited at both ends by end rings. When the rotating magnetic field from the stator cuts across the squirrel cage bars, it induces currents, generating a magnetic field in the rotor that interacts with the stator’s field and produces rotation.
These rotor conductors are braced to the end ring to provide mechanical strength, forming a complete closed circuit resembling a cage, hence the name squirrel cage induction motor. Because the end rings permanently short the bars, the rotor electrical resistance is very low, and adding external resistance is not conceivable because the bars are constantly shorted. The lack of a slip ring and brushes simplifies and strengthens the construction of a single phase induction motor.
3. Bearings of Single Phase Induction Motor
Bearings are used to support and allow the rotor to rotate within the stator. It reduces friction.
Note: These components work together to create the necessary magnetic field and currents, enabling the single-phase induction to start and run.
Single Phase Induction Motor
A single-phase induction motor is a small-size motor with a fractional-kilowatt rating. They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction to create a rotating magnetic field. It is used in domestic appliances like fans, hair dryers, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, mixers, refrigerators, food processors and kitchen equipment employ these motors.
- Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Components of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Operation and Working of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Application of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Advantages of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Disadvantages of Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Solved examples on Single-Phase Induction Motor
Single Phase Induction Motor