Construction and Components of Step-Down Chopper
A step-down chopper consists of a switching device controlling energy flow from a higher input voltage . An inductor connected in series to stores energy during on time , and a freewheeling diode ensures continuous current flow during off time . A capacitor in parallel with the load filters output voltage ripples. The control circuit regulates the switching device’s duty cycle , employing techniques like pulse width modulation . A feedback system may monitor and stabilize the output voltage .The load receives the stepped down voltage , completing the construction of this efficient DC-DC converter used in power electronics applications.
- Input source : The input source provides the higher voltage that needs to be stepped down . This can be an unregulated DC source or rectified AC source , depending on the application.
- Switching device : The heart of the step down chopper is an switching device , often a semiconductor device like MOSFET or an IGBT . The switching device is responsible for controlling the flow of current through the circuit .
- Inductor : An inductor is connected in series with the load and helps store energy during the on time of the switching device . The inductor smoothens the current and plays a crucial role in the energy transfer process.
- Diode : A freewheeling diode connected in parallel with the load to provide a path for the inductor current when the switching device is turned off .This diode allows the inductor current to continue flowing in the same direction , preventing damage to the circuit and ensuring continuous power flow to the load.
- Capacitor : A capacitor often connected in parallel with the load to filter out any remaining ripples in the output voltage .It helps in stabilize the output voltage and improves overall performance of the chopper .
- Load : The load is the device or system that receives the stepped down voltage . It could be a motor , electronic device , or any other component that requires a lower voltage.
Step Down Chopper
In power electronics, a chopper refers to a type of electronic switch that is used to control the flow of electrical power. It functions as a high-speed ON/OFF semiconductor switch that modulates the voltage or current in a circuit. A chopper is a static device that transforms a fixed DC input voltage into a variable DC output voltage. It acts as the DC counterpart(equivalent) of an AC transformer due to its similar behavior. These are also used in trolley cars, marine hoists, forklift trucks, and mine haulers. Future electric automobiles are likely to use choppers for their speed control and braking. The chopper system offers smooth control, high efficiency, fast response, and regeneration.
Table of Content
- What is Chopper?
- Classification of Chopper
- Construction and Components of Step-Down Chopper
- Step-Down Chopper with Low Pass Filter
- Advantages of Step Down Chopper
- Disadvantages of Step Down Chopper
- Applications of Step Down Chopper