Describe the principles of test-driven development (TDD).
Answer:
- Test-Driven Development (TDD): TDD is a software development approach where tests are written before the code implementation. It follows a cycle of writing failing tests, writing code to pass those tests, and then refactoring the code while keeping all tests passing.
- Principles of TDD:
- Write a Failing Test: Start by writing a test case that defines the desired behavior of the code. This test should fail initially since the code implementation doesn’t exist yet.
- Write the Minimum Code to Pass: Write the simplest code that passes the failing test. The goal is to make the test pass without adding unnecessary complexity.
- Refactor the Code: Once the test passes, refactor the code to improve its design, readability, and efficiency while ensuring that all tests continue to pass.
- Benefits of TDD:
- Ensures that code is thoroughly tested and reliable.
- Encourages better code design and modularization.
- Provides fast feedback on code changes, helping catch defects early in the development process.
- Reduces the risk of regression bugs when making changes to existing code.
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