Difference Between Alkyl, Allyl, and Vinyl Halides

What Are Alkyl Halides?

Alkyl halides are a type of organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and halogen atoms. they are a subset of a general class of hydrocarbons. They consist of alkyl groups, which are hydrocarbon chains, bonded to one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). The general structure of alkyl halides involves a carbon atom from the alkyl group directly linked to a halogen atom....

Alkyl Halide Formula

As Alkyl halides are monohalogen derivatives of alkanes the general formula for alkyl halide is...

Classification of Alkyl Halide

Alkyl halides are categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms directly bonded to the halogen. This classification reflects the degree of substitution and reactivity of the alkyl halide in various chemical reactions....

Properties of Alkyl Halide

Various properties of alkyl halide are,...

Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides

Name Order: When naming alkyl halides, the name is typically written in the order of the alkyl group followed by the halogen. Locating the Carbon Chain: Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. This chain gives the base name, and the carbon atoms are numbered. Numbering: Assign a number to each carbon in the chain, starting from the end nearest to the halogen. The goal is to give the halogen the lowest possible number. Prefix for Halogen: Add the prefix “fluoro,” “chloro,” “bromo,” or “iodo” to indicate the type of halogen present. Alphabetical Order: If there are multiple halogen substituents, list them in alphabetical order, using their prefixes. Isomers: Consider different structural isomers and select the one with the lowest numbering for the halogen....

Chemical Reactions of Haloalkanes

Some reactions of Haloalkanes are,...

Wurtz Fittig Reaction

Wurtz Fittig reaction involves the coupling of two alkyl halides to form a carbon-carbon bond. This reaction is typically conducted in the presence of sodium or another alkali metal. The alkali metal serves as a mediator, facilitating the formation of the carbon-carbon bond between the alkyl groups....

Ulmanns Reaction

Ullmann’s reaction involves the coupling of aryl halides (halides attached to aromatic rings) to form biaryl compounds. This reaction is commonly catalyzed by copper, either in the form of copper powder or copper salts. It is a valuable tool in the synthesis of complex organic molecules containing aromatic rings....

Hunsdeiker Reaction

The Hunsdiecker reaction involves the conversion of a silver salt of a carboxylic acid into the corresponding alkyl halide. This reaction is often used for the preparation of alkyl halides from carboxylic acids. It typically involves the use of a halogenating agent, such as bromine or chlorine....

Prepration of Alkyl Halides

Alkyl halides, or halogenated hydrocarbons, can be synthesized through various methods. One common approach involves the reaction between hydrocarbons and halogenating agents. In this synthesis, a hydrocarbon, typically an alkane or alkene, reacts with a halogen, such as chlorine or bromine. The reaction leads to the substitution of hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule. For example, in the chlorination of methane, one hydrogen atom in methane is replaced by a chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of chloromethane:...

Uses of Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides are useful in various way, some of them are listed below:...

Difference Between Alkyl, Allyl, and Vinyl Halides

The difference between Alkyl, Allylic and Vinylic Halides are added in the table below,...

Markownikov and Anti Markownikov Rule

Two rules that are useful in reactions involving Alkyl Halides are,...

Names of Alkyl Halide

Name of some common Alkyl Halides are added below in the article,...

Nature Of C-X Bond In Alkyl Halides

The nature of C-X bonds in Alkyl Halides is explained in the points added below,...

Sample Questions on Alkyl Halides

Q1. Identify the alkyl halide in the given chemical structure:...

Alkyl Halides – FAQs

1. What are Alkyl Halides?...