Difference between Covalent and Ionic Bond
Parameters |
Covalent Bond |
Ionic Bond |
---|---|---|
Definition |
It is a kind of chemical bonding between two non-metallic atoms characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms as well as other covalent connections. |
It is a sort of connection generated by the strong the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical molecule, also known as an electrovalent bond. |
Occurs between |
Two non-metals or a non-metal and a metalloid | One metal and one non-metal |
Nature of Component Particles |
It is made up of discrete electrically neutral molecules. | Cations and anions are oppositely charged particles that makeup ionic compounds. |
State at Room Temperature |
Gases, liquids, or low-melting solids | Crystalline solids |
Polarity |
Low | High |
Solubility |
In polar fluids, polar covalent molecules dissolve. HCl in water, for example. Only organic liquids are soluble in nonpolar covalent compounds. |
Ionic chemicals are only soluble in polar solvents like water because they are polar. Inorganic liquids are insoluble. |
Formation |
They are created when two non-metals with identical electronegativities come together. Neither atom has enough strength to pull electrons from the other. For stability, they share electrons from the outermost orbital with their neighbours. |
They are created when a metal(+ion) and a non-metal interact (-ve ion). Metals are stronger than non-metals, and non-metals may easily get electrons from metals. These two ions are attracted to one another and create an ionic connection. |
Conductivity |
Ions do not dissociate from non-polar covalent molecules. As a result, don’t conduct electricity. In water, polar covalent compounds quickly dissociate and act as good electrical conductors. HCl in water, for example. |
Non-polar covalent compounds do not break down into ions. As a result, you will not be able to conduct electricity. Polar covalent compounds break down readily in water and behave as good electrical conductors. For instance, HCl in water. |
Melting Point |
Low | High |
Boiling Point |
Low | High |
Example |
Methane, Hydrochloric acid | Sodium Chloride, Sulphuric acid |
Types of Chemical Bonding
Types of Chemical Bonds as the name suggest explore the different types of chemical bonds which exist and form in the domain of chemistry. Bons such as Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen, and Metallic include polar and non-polar bonds. Understanding these bonds is necessary as without knowing how these bonds are formed it is very difficult to analyse anything in the chemistry. In this article, we will explore all the different types of chemical bonds, their formation, properties, and examples as well. So, let’s begin our journey of learning about chemical bonds and their various types.