Different Methods to Create Transgenic Plant

There are various methods through which we can transfer the gene of interest into the Plants genetic material and below are some techniques;

1. Agrobacterium mediated transfer: Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to insert the gene of interest in selected Plant genome. Ti-plasmid has capability to form tumor known as crown ball disease.
2. Biolistic Transformation: In this techniques gold coated microscopic particles are used which carry gene of interest. These particles are releases using gene gun and directly enters the cell nucleus with high speed.
3. Electroportation: In this technique electric current is used which creates temporary porese in Plant cell wall allowing to genetic material to get into the cell.
4. Microinjection: This is very complicated techniques which allows the directly insertion of foreign DNA into the Plant cell nucleus.
5. Virus mediated gene transfer: Plant pathogenic viruses engineered in such a way that it can carry the gene of interest and when virus infect the Plant, that gene of interest get expressed into Plants.
6. Polyethylene glycol transformation: PEG is a chemical which is applied on the Plant that results in disruption of of cell wall allowing the foreign genetic material to get into the Plant system.
7. Whiskar mediated transformation: Gene of interest coated tungestion whiskar are mechanically inserted into the Plant tissue to incorporated the gene.
8. Liposome mediated transformation: Lipid vesdicles known as liposome carrying gene of interest fuse with Plant cell membrane allowing incorporation of foreign material into cell.
9. Protoplast transformation: Protoplasts are Plant cell without their cell wall can be modified using any transformation techniques.

Transgenic Plants are those Plants whose genome is modified using different tools of genetic engineering technology to insert the trait of our interest. These traits do not naturally occur, so we need to modify Plants’ genetic material. An example of the first Transgenic Plant is tobacco, which was developed in 1983.

Transgenic Plants are created for numerous benefits such as to resist biotic and abiotic stress, to increase nutritional value, etc. In this chapter, we will learn about techniques for creating Transgenic Plants, their function, and their importance.