Disubstituted Benzene Reactions
Disubstituted Reactions of benzene refer to reactions where two substituents are introduced onto the benzene ring. These reactions can occur through various mechanisms, including electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, or radical substitution.
The general mechanism for a disubstituted reaction of benzene via electrophilic aromatic substitution involves two sequential electrophilic substitution reactions.
- First Substitution: Benzene undergoes the first electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to introduce the first substituent. This step involves the generation of an electrophile (E+) and the formation of an arenium ion intermediate. The electrophile attacks the benzene ring, leading to the formation of a sigma complex.
- Second Substitution: The intermediate formed in the first step now undergoes a second electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to introduce the second substituent. This step involves the generation of another electrophile and the formation of a second arenium ion intermediate. The electrophile attacks the benzene ring at an ortho, meta, or para position relative to the first substituent, thus forming a disubstituted benzene product
Benzene Reactions
Benzene is aromatic compound which act as precursor to derive other compounds. Reactions of benzene involve the substitution of a proton by other groups. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method of derivatizing benzene. The most common example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. Different important reactions of benzene include sulfonation, chlorination, nitration, and hydrogenation. The activating or deactivating effect of substituents on the benzene ring determines the reaction’s direction and the ring’s reactivity.
In this article, we will learn about the different reactions of benzene, along with basic introduction of benzene and its structure.
Table of Content
- What is Benzene?
- Reactions of Benzene
- Electrophilic Substitution Reaction
- Electrophilic Addition Reaction
- Benzene Reduction
- Benzene Ring Opening Reaction
- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution