Functions of NRTK Signaling
- NRTKs are important in the transmission of signals originating from extracellular cues, which commonly interact with transmembrane receptors.
- As a result, they play a crucial role in signaling pathways that control essential biological processes such as cell differentiation, death, survival, and proliferation.
- The activity of NRTKs is closely controlled, and carcinogenesis and malignant transformation have been linked to the deregulation and/or overexpression of NRTKs.
- The mechanics of numerous cellular processes, including those implicated in carcinogenesis, have been clarified through research on NRTKs.
- Proteins can alter in function and/or enzymatic activity by phosphorylation, and these changes trigger particular biological reactions.
- NRTK signaling help in the activation of T and B lymphocytes.
Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs), which can activate intracellular signals generated from external receptors, are a subset of tyrosine kinases, intracellular cytoplasmic proteins, or tethered to the cell membrane. Based mostly on similarities in the kinase domain sequences, they can be divided into nine subfamilies. These are the kinases from the ABL, FES, JAK, ACK, SYK, TEC, FAK, SRC, and CSK families.
NRTKs, which have a great deal of structural variety, don’t have receptor-like characteristics such as an extracellular ligand-binding domain or a transmembrane-spanning domain. They are made up of a large cytoplasmic C-terminal region and an N-terminal section of a common kinase domain that spans around 300 residues. Additionally, they frequently contain a number of extra SH2, SH3, and PH domains, which are signaling or protein-protein interaction domains. The protein substrate’s tyrosine sequence interacts with the residues of the C terminal domain by the binding of the ATP molecule between the two domains.