Genetic Disorders of Autosomes and Allosomes
Genetic disorders can be classified based on whether they affect autosomes or allosomes (sex chromosomes). Various genetic disorders are explained below:
- Cystic Fibrosis (CF): It is an autosomal recessive disorder that affect the CFTR gene on chromosome 7. It affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems and leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus.
- Sickle Cell Anemia: It is an autosomal recessive disorder that affect HBB gene on chromosome 11. Abnormal hemoglobin leads to abnormal shape red blood cells, causing anemia and other complications.
- Huntington’s Disease: It is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects HTT gene on chromosome 4. Progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, leading to motor dysfunction and cognitive decline.
- Down Syndrome: It is Trisomy 21 (Extra copy of chromosome 21) that results in Intellectual disability, developmental delays, distinctive facial features, and increased risk of certain health issues.
- Hemophilia: It is an X- linked recessive disorder that results in impaired blood clotting and results in excessive bleeding and bruising.
- Color Blindness: It is an X-linked recessive disorder that make it difficult to distinguish between certain colors, particularly red and green.
- Turner Syndrome: It is a chromosomal abnormality of monosomy X (45,X). Girls with a single X chromosome, leading to short stature, infertility, and certain physical features.
- Klinefelter Syndrome: It is chromosomal abnormality of XXY. Boys with an extra X chromosome, leading to tall stature, reduced fertility, and potential learning difficulties.
What are Autosomes and Allosomes? – Difference and Functions
Autosomes and Allosomes are two types of chromosomes found in the cells of living organisms, particularly in sexually reproducing species. Autosomes chromosomes are somatic chromosomes that determine an organism’s physical characteristics and allosome chromosomes are sex chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex and sex-linked inheritance. In this article, we will discuss the Autosomes and Allosomes chromosomes – characteristics, their functions, and the differences between Autosomes and Allosomes.
Table of Content
- What are Chromosomes?
- What are Autosomes?
- What are Allosomes?
- Characteristics of Autosomes and Allosomes
- Functions of Autosomes and Allosomes
- How Do Allosomes Work?
- How Do Autosomes Work?
- Difference Between Autosome and Allosome
- Genetic Disorders of Autosomes and Allosomes