Handle Large Numbers in C++

To store integers of different sizes, C++ offers built-in data types like int, long, and long long. Following are the range of values that can be stored in these data types:

int :  -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long : -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long long: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

Overflow and underflow problems can arise when working with numbers that are outside of the built-in types’ range, causing unexpected behavior in applications. The long long data type has a larger range than the regular int and long types however this range can still be insufficient for certain applications that require even larger numeric values.

In C++, when working with very large numbers the standard data types like int can become insufficient due to their limited range. In this article, we will learn how we can handle large numbers in C++.