HSBC Interview Question Computer Networks

A computer network is a collection of computers or devices connected to share resources. Any device which can share or receive the data is called a Node. Through which the information or data propagate is known as channels, It can be guided or unguided.

Q1. What is an IPv4 address?
IP stands for Internet Protocol and v4 stands for Version Four (IPv4). IPv4 was the primary version brought into action for production within the ARPANET in 1983. IP version four addresses are 32-bit integers which will be expressed in decimal notation. 

Q2. What is the SMTP protocol?

SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol) or IMAP (internet message access protocol) is used to retrieve those emails at the receiver’s side. SMTP is an application layer protocol. The client who wants to send the mail opens a TCP connection to the SMTP server and then sends the mail across the connection. The SMTP server is an always-on listening mode. As soon as it listens for a TCP connection from any client, the SMTP process initiates a connection through port 25.

Q3. What is a subnet?
The working of subnets starts in such a way that firstly it divides the subnets into smaller subnets. For communicating between subnets, routers are used. Each subnet allows its linked devices to communicate with each other. Subnetting for a network should be done in such a way that it does not affect the network bits.

Q4. What is the ARP protocol?
It broadcasts a packet to all the devices of the source network. The devices of the network peel the header of the data link layer from the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) called frame and transfer the packet to the network layer (layer 3 of OSI) where the network ID of the packet is validated with the destination IP’s network ID of the packet and if it’s equal then it responds to the source with the MAC address of the destination, else the packet reaches the gateway of the network and broadcasts packet to the devices it is connected with and validates their network ID.

Q5. What is IPCONFIG?
IPCONFIG stands for Internet Protocol Configuration. This is a command-line application which displays all the current TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) network configuration and refreshes the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name Server). It also displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters. It is available for Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, and Apple macOS.

Q6. What is the firewall?
A firewall is a network security device, either hardware or software-based, which monitors all incoming and outgoing traffic and based on a defined set of security rules accepts, rejects or drops that specific traffic. Accept: allow the traffic Reject: block the traffic but reply with an “unreachable error” Drop: block the traffic with no reply A firewall establishes a barrier between secured internal networks and outside untrusted networks, such as the Internet.

Q7. What is the ICMP protocol?
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol used to diagnose communication errors by performing an error control mechanism. Since IP does not have an inbuilt mechanism for sending error and control messages. It depends on Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) to provide error control. 

Q8. What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth, or precisely network bandwidth, is the maximum rate at which data transfer occurs across any particular path of the network. Bandwidth is a measure of the amount of data that can be sent and received at any instance of time. That simply means that the higher the bandwidth of a network, the larger the amount of data the network can send to and from across its path. 

Q9. What are Gateways in Computer Network?
Gateways play a very important role in connecting two different networks. It works according to its name, which means it acts like a gate, i.e. entry point for a network. If anyone wants to enter a network then if that network has any implemented gateway, they have to cross that gateway to enter any network. Gateways are also known as protocol converters because they help to convert protocol supported by traffic of the different networks into that are supported by this network. Because of that, it makes smooth communication between two different networks.

Q10. What is Domain Name System(DNS)?
A Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the Internet infrastructure that plays a fundamental role in connecting users to websites, services, and resources across the World Wide Web. It is essentially the “phone book” of the internet, translating user-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into numerical IP addresses (such as 192.0.2.1) that computers and network devices use to locate one another on the internet.

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Landing your desired position at HSBC isn’t just about technical skills – it also involves understanding how they conduct interviews. This article takes a close look at what to expect in HSBC’s interviews, providing insights into the types of questions you might come across.