Key Elements of Protocol
- Syntax: Syntax refers to the structure or the format of the data that gets exchanged between the devices. Syntax of the message includes the type of data, composition of the message, and sequencing of the message. The starting 8 bits of data are considered as the address of the sender. The next 8 bits are considered to be the address of the receiver. The remaining bits are considered as the message itself.
- Semantics: Semantics defines data transmitted between devices. It provides rules and norms for understanding message or data element values and actions.
- Timing: Timing refers to the synchronization and coordination between devices while transferring the data. Timing ensures at what time data should be sent and how fast data can be sent. For example, If a sender sends 100 Mbps but the receiver can only handle 1 Mbps, the receiver will overflow and lose data. Timing ensures preventing of data loss, collisions, and other timing-related issues.
- Sequence Control: Sequence control ensures the proper ordering of data packets. The main responsibility of sequence control is to acknowledge the data while it get received, and the retransmission of lost data. Through this mechanism, the data is delivered in correct order.
- Flow Control: Flow control regulates device data delivery. It limits the sender’s data or asks the receiver if it’s ready for more. Flow control prevents data congestion and loss.
- Error Control: Error control mechanisms detect and fix data transmission faults. They include error detection codes, data resend, and error recovery. Error control detects and corrects noise, interference, and other problems to maintain data integrity.
- Security : Network security protects data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. which includes encryption, authentication, access control, and other security procedures. Network communication’s privacy and trustworthiness are protected by security standards.
Protocol and Standard in Computer Networks
Protocols and standards are important in computer networks. They are like the rules and guidelines that allow different devices and systems to communicate and work together smoothly. Protocols define how data is sent, received, and processed, while standards ensure that various technologies are compatible with each other. This coordination is critical for the Internet and other networks to function constantly and efficiently.
Network protocol ensures that different technologies and components of the network are compatible with one another, reliable, and able to function together. In this article, we are going to discuss every point about protocols and standards in computer networks.