Mechanism of Cannizzaro Reaction
The mechanism of Cannizzaro reaction is process of getting one molecule of alcohol and one molecule of carbocyclic acid from two molecules of a given aldehyde. Below-mentioned are the steps of mechanics of Cannizzaro Reaction:
Step 1: Nuceophilic Attack
In the very first step, the crbonyl group the aldehyde undergoes nucleophile attack from a nucleophile such as OH. This nucleophile attack produces anion having two negative charges as result.
Step 2: Hydride Transfer
The intermediate formed in step 1 is unstable and act as hydride transfer agent for another aldehyde molecule and reduce it. Thus the another aldehyde group get reduced to alkoxide ion while the intermediate that acted as hydride transfer agent becomes carboxylate anion.
Step 3: Proton Exchange
In the third and the final step, the alkoxide ion formed in step 2 gains proton from water thus resulting in the alcohol as the final product.
After the workup of acid, the carboxylate ion get converted to carboxylic acid. Since, the acid is less basic than water hence, it can’t obtain proton from water.
Cannizzaro Reaction for IIT JEE Organic Chemistry
Cannizaro Reaction in organic chemistry is known for its duality and versatility. Cannizzaro’s reaction is named after its discoverer and founder, Stanislao Cannizzaro. The Cannizzaro reaction is a well-known chemical transformation that has fascinated scientists and researchers for generations. In this blog, we will explore the intricate mechanism of the Cannizzaro reaction that underlay redox reaction principles. We will also get to know how Cannizzaro’s reaction has an indelible mark on the chemical world and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Table of Content
- What is Cannizzaro’s Reaction?
- Mechanism of Cannizzaro Reaction
- Crossed Cannizzaro Reaction
- Cannizzarro vs Crossed Cannizzarro Reaction
- Applications of the Cannizzaro Reaction