SGML

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a markup language that provides a standard for defining markup languages. It is used for marking up files such that they are no longer dependent on any other application. It uses .sgml extension for saving SGML files. It manipulates massive files which require frequent revisions and is a part of complicated systems.
It defines the relationship between entities, elements, and attributes of a document and also defines rules that allow the computer system to identify the start and end of an element. It provides the simplest way to exchange files between machines and applications directly.

Example: Implementation of basic structure of SGML code.

Output:

Features:

• SGML is platform-independent, allowing for versatility in different environments.
• SGML represents elements using distinct tags for clarity and organization.
• Elements in SGML have generic types and attributes, enhancing flexibility.
• SGML maintains consistent usage of delimiters and special characters for uniformity.
• SGML supports string substitution for standard boilerplate text, streamlining document creation.
• SGML facilitates effective document management, aiding in organization and retrieval.

Drawbacks:

• It has a complex linking procedure.
• It is very hard to write SGML code.

Markup languages are computer languages that are used to structure, format, or define relationships between different parts of text documents with the help of symbols or tags inserted in the document. These languages are more readable than usual programming languages with strict syntax. There are several markup languages available but the most popular among them are as follows.