Static Capacitor
We are aware that the majority of power system loads and industries are inductive, which results in a lower system power factor due to lagging current. Static capacitors are connected in parallel to these low-power factor devices to raise the power factor. These static capacitors supply driving current, which adjust the lagging inductive part of the load current. This successfully wipes out or kills the lagging part of the load current and corrects the power component of the load circuit to improve the overall efficiency.
To enhance system or device efficiency, these capacitors are introduced close to enormous inductive loads, similar to inductance motors and transformers, to further develop the load circuit power factor.
For instance, we should consider a single phase inductive load shown in below, which is drawing lagging current (I), and the load power factor is Cosθ.
In below figure shows the load with a capacitor (C) associated in equal. Subsequently, a current (IC) courses through the capacitor and leads 90° from the supply voltage. The capacitor gives driving current, and in a simply capacitive circuit, the current leads the supply voltage by 90°, and that implies the voltage falls 90° behind the current. The load current remaining parts (I), and the vector amount of (I) and (IC) is (I’) which lingers behind the voltage at θ2, as shown in figure.
Static Capacitor
In below figure shows that the point of θ2 < θ1, implying that Cosθ2 is less than Cosθ1 (Cosθ2 > Cosθ1). Thusly, the capacitor further develops the heap power factor.
Phasor Diagram
It is vital to take note of that after power factor improvement, the circuit current is lower than the low power factor circuit current. Because the capacitor only removes the reactive component of the current, the active component of the current remains the same before and after power factor improvement. Finally, both before and after power factor correction, the Active power in Watts remains the same.
Advantages
- Low losses in static capacitors
- No moving parts, subsequently requiring low maintenance
- Capacity to work in ordinary atmospheric conditions
- No requirement for an foundation for installation
- Lightweight, making them simple to install
Disadvantages
- Less lifespan for static capacitor banks (around 8-10 years)
- The need to turn the capacitor bank ON or OFF when there is an adjustment of burden, which can cause switching surges in the system.
- Hazard of harm on the off chance that the appraised voltage expands past its cutoff
- When it was damaged it’s repairing cost is high.
Power Factor Improvement
Power factor improvement is an indispensable piece of optimizing electrical systems for expanding effectiveness and diminished energy utilization. In the space of electrical designing, power factor is the extent of how effectively electrical power is changed over into important work output. The power factor has a worth somewhere in the range of 0 and 1, with a worth of 1 addressing ideal effectiveness. In numerous modern and business settings, power factors will in general go amiss from solidarity as a result of the presence of responsive power parts, prompting diminished system productivity.
This article aims to uncover knowledge of the significance of force factor improvement and the various methodologies used to overhaul power-enhanced electrical systems. As ventures have a go at energy productivity and supportability, understanding and having a tendency to drive factor issues become foremost. Businesses can not only reduce their energy consumption to a minimum while also contributing to a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective operation by learning the fundamentals of power factor improvement.
Table of Content
- Power Factor
- Power FactorDerivation
- Power Factor Improvement
- Power Factor Improvement Requirements
- Methods
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Solved Problem