Step-1

Semantic check 

determines whether the statement is meaningful or not. Example: query contains a table name that does not exist and is checked by this check.

Shared Pool check 

Every query possesses a hash code during its execution. So, this check determines the existence of written hash code in the shared pool if the code exists in the shared pool then the database will not take additional steps for optimization and execution.

Query Processing includes translations of high-level Queries into low-level expressions that can be used at the physical level of the file system, query optimization, and actual execution of the query to get the actual result. 

High-level queries are converted into low-level expressions during query processing. It is a methodical procedure that can be applied at the physical level of the file system, during query optimization, and when the query is actually executed to obtain the result.

It needs a basic understanding of relational algebra and file organization. It includes the variety of tasks involved in getting data out of the database. It consists of converting high-level database language queries into expressions that can be used at the file system’s physical level.

The process of extracting data from a database is called query processing. It requires several steps to retrieve the data from the database during query processing. The actions involved actions are:

1. Parsing and translation
2. Optimization
3. Evaluation

The Block Diagram of Query Processing is as: 

 A detailed Diagram is drawn as: 

It is done in the following steps:

Parsing

During the parse call, the database performs the following checks: Syntax check, Semantic check, and Shared pool check, after converting the query into relational algebra because certain activities for data retrieval are included in query processing. First, high-level database languages like SQL are used to translate the user queries that have been provided. It is transformed into expressions that can be applied further at the file system’s physical level. Following this, the queries are actually evaluated along with a number of query-optimizing transformations. Consequently, a computer system must convert a query into a language that is readable and understandable by humans before processing it. Therefore, the best option for humans is SQL or Structured Query Language.

Parser performs the following checks (refer to the detailed diagram):

Syntax check: concludes SQL syntactic validity. 

Example:

SELECT * FORM employee

Here, the error of the wrong spelling of FROM is given by this check.