Structure of the Antibody
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), have a Y-shaped structure. In detail, the antibody molecule structure is described below:
- Each arm of the Y consists of two types of protein chains—heavy chains and light chains.
- Varaible regions are present on that tip of the Y-shaped arms. It recognize and bind to specific antigens.
- Constant region are present on the lower part of the Y shaped arm, including the stem. It determine the class of the antibody (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, or IgM).
- Antigen binds at the tip of the Y shape antibody. The region where it binds is called the antigen-binding site.
- The light and heavy chain binds together through disulfide bonds. It help in maintaining the structural integrity of antibodies.
- The stem of the Y is also known as the Fc region. It is involved in various immune responses, such as binding to cell receptors or activating complement proteins.
Antibody – Structure, Functions, and Types
Antibody proteins are Y-shaped proteins that recognize and neutralize pathogens in the immune system. Antibodies play an important role in immune defense. Antibody structure consists of four polypeptide chains—two heavy and two light—and they form a distinctive structure with variable and constant regions.
There are five main types of antibodies: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE, each having a specific role in the immune responses. Antibody functions include recognizing and binding to specific antigens, marking them for destruction or neutralization by the immune system. In this article, we will study antibody structure, function, types, and differences between antibodies and antigens.
Table of Content
- What are Antibodies?
- Structure of the Antibody
- Antibody Diagram
- Antibody Types
- Antibodies Functions
- Production and Mechanism of Action
- Applications of Antibodies in Medicines
- Difference between Antigen and Antibody