Types of Cell Signaling

There are various types of Cell Signaling depending upon the type of Signaling molecule, distance of Signaling, and mechanism of Cell Signaling. Here is the types of Signaling;

1. Autocrine Signaling: When Cells produces Signaling molecules like cytokines which binds to own Cell receptor such as cancer Cells that result in cellular response.
2. Paracrine Signaling: It involves the release of paracrine factors or Signaling molecule into the extracellular fluid causes stimulation of nearby Cells. For examples release of local immune response, neurotransmitters and retinoic acids.
3. Endocrine Signaling: Endocrine Signaling involves endocrine glands which releases hormones that travel to the target Cell. For example insuline from pancreas gland.
4. Juxtacrine Signaling: It is a Cell to Cell Signaling in which Signaling molecule released from one Cell interact with adjacent Cell receptor such as in notch Signaling.
5. Intracrine Signaling: This type of Signaling occur within the Cell such in the case of steroid hormone that can cross transmembrane and reaches to required cellular compartment.
6. Contact dependent Signaling: In contact-dependent Signalling, as in juxtacrine signaling, there is direct physical contact between the Cells, and Signaling molecules that are attached to the membranes of one Cell interact with receptors on the other. For example T Cell activation by APC.
7. Synaptic Signaling: It occur between neuron through synaptic junction in the case of neurotransmitters.
8. Redox Signaling: Electrons are transferred both inside and between Cells during redox Signaling, which affects how cells react. For example ROS can act as a Signaling molecules for proliferation.

Cell Signaling is a process by which Cells communicate with each other or within the Cell to perform various physiological activities and functions. Cell Signaling is also known as Cellular Signaling. The Cell Signaling process is vital for the proper functioning of prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cells. Cell Signaling involves three steps from receiving of Signal to termination of Signal including Signal, receptor, and effector.

Signals can be chemical and physical, Physical Signals like electric current, pressure, and temperature while chemical Signals include insulin, sodium, potassium, hormones, etc. In this article we will learn about, types of Signals, receptors, taxonomic range, etc.