Types of Compensator

What is a Compensator?

The word compensation is the root of the compensators. It refers to rearranging a structure’s components to achieve optimal performance. The control system’s feedback mechanism must function properly. Adjustment can occasionally play a significant role in achieving acceptable feedback performance and system improvement. The reason for this is because we frequently need to adjust or modify the system’s parameters....

Types of Compensator

Lead compensator Lag compensator Lag-lead compensator...

Lead Compensator

In a control system, the phase lead is used to produce the output by the lead compensator. Lead in this context refers to ahead. This kind of action is a successor to it....

Lag Compensator

In a control system, the lag compensator creates an output that is phase-late. Lag here refers to being behind or delayed. It is made up of one capacitor C and two resistors, designated R1 and R2....

Lag-Lead Compensator

The lag-lead compensator is a mixture of a lag and a lead compensator, as the name suggests....

Gain Cross over point

The frequency at which the unity gain (zero dB line) and the magnitude response of the system’s open-loop transfer function intersect is known as the crossover point in control systems. This is a critical issue for control system design and stability analysis, especially when considering frequency domain analysis....

Difference Between Phase Lead and Phase Lag

Category Phase lead Phase Lag Design Phase angle is added in proximity to the point of gain crossover It keeps the phase margin at the desired level while increasing the error constant. Result The enhanced phase shift is caused by an additional phase angle close to the gain crossover point. It raises the system’s gain at a higher frequency. The gain crossover point is shifted to the lower value. It lowers the system’s gain. Additionally, it muffles high-frequency noise. Advantages A quicker response is the result of the system’s enhanced dynamic response. It expands the bandwidth of the system. it functions as a high pass filter By lowering the steady state error, it enhances the system’s steady state performance. The high-frequency noise is suppressed. Disadvantages It requires an additional amplifier gain. It lessens the transitory reaction of the system’s seed. Applications It’s employed to quicken the transitory response. Its uses are thus limited to situations requiring a quick transient response. the steady state errors reduced by phase lag...

Examples

The close loop transfer function is given below. Condition for the transfer function act as the lead compensator...

Advantages of Compensator

We are aware that the lead compensator quickens the transient reaction while the lag compensator strengthens the system’s steady-state performance. Therefore, when the system needs to respond quickly and operate in a steady state, the lag-lead compensator is utilized in combination with the other one. As we’ve just covered, the lead compensator modifies the transfer function by adding a pole and a dominating zero. Thus, this enhances the system’s total damping. Reduced rise and settling times, as well as decreased overshoot, are supported by the system’s improved damping. As a result, the transient reaction is enhanced. Phase margin is increased with the installation of lead network. Increase the bandwidth....

Disadvantage of Compensator

A certain amount of attenuation is added to the system with the addition of the lead network. Therefore, there needs to be an additional gain improvement to make up for the attenuation. However, when gain increases, more elements become necessary. This results in increased weight and space in addition to increased expense. Because the lead network lessens overshoot, undershoot circumstances are increased. The system becomes conditionally stable as a result occasionally. A lead angle of roughly 60° is provided by a single lead network. Therefore, a multiple lead compensator needs to be added to the system in order to accommodate the greater lead of around 70 to 90°. The lead network expands its bandwidth, but as it does so, the system is more vulnerable to noise....

Applications

It’s employed to quicken the transitory response. Its uses are thus limited to situations requiring a quick transient response. The phase lag reduces the steady state error. The control systems are made to carry out particular functions. A control system’s requirements are typically laid out in performance specifications. The requirements for response speed, precision, and relative stability. A proper compensator should be built when a system’s specifications are provided in order for the system as a whole to meet the requirements. Series compensation or parallel feedback compensation are the two types of compensation schemes utilized in feedback control systems....

Conclusion

Control systems have many applications nowadays. These systems are used in industry to regulate the output or operation of other machinery. Various control system types serve various functions. Control systems govern how a machine behaves and operates....

FAQs on Compensators in Control Systems

In a control system, what is a compensator?...