Types of Mendelian Disorders
The different types of Mendelian Disorders according to Mendel’s laws of inheritance are as follows:
Autosomal Recessive
Both sexes exhibit autosomal recessive characteristics equally. Nevertheless, these characteristics only manifest in the affected person when they have inherited one allele from each parent. The recessive allele frequently passes through several generations without producing the characteristic. Tay-Sachs disease is a well-known instance of a disorder brought on by autosomal recessive genes. Some qualities are able to cross generations.
Autosomal Dominant
Both males and females can pass on autosomal dominant features to the next generation. They occur equally frequently in both sexes. This kind of trait does not pass from one generation to the next since each individual who carries it must have inherited the allele from at least one parent. For example- hypercholesterolemia is a condition where the blood cholesterol is greatly increased due to an effect on cholesterol transport.
X-linked Dominant
This mutation exists as a dominant allele on the X chromosome. One mutant gene on the X chromosome can generate a sex-linked dominant illness. An example of such an X-linked dominant trait is hyperphosphatemia, a bone-deforming disorder brought on by faulty phosphate transport.
X-linked Recessive
This mutation exists as a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Due to the fact that he contains just one X chromosome, a male who carries this mutation will be impacted. A female who carries a gene mutation in one X chromosome but has a normal gene on the other X chromosome usually has no symptoms. A condition that is inherited in this way is hemophilia A, or classical hemophilia. A protein necessary for the blood to clot is absent in people with this disease.
Mendelian Disorder in Human
Mendelian disorders are a form of genetic disorder that is caused by the inheritance of single or multiple mutant genes from one or both parents. The function of the mutant gene determines how severe a Mendelian disorder is. The condition is typically severe if the gene controls a crucial function. Mendelian diseases include, for instance, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis. These illnesses can be fatal and range in severity from mild to severe.