What are Anilines?
Anilines are also known as phenylamine, benzamine, or aminobenzene. It is an organic compound that consists of an amino group (-NH2) joined to a phenyl group (-C6H5). Its general chemical formula is C6H5NH2.
Aniline is an aromatic compound. It is the most basic aromatic amine. It has 6 carbon (C) atoms, 7 hydrogen (H) atoms, and 1 nitrogen (N) atom. It is basic in nature because of the electron-withdrawing nature of the benzene ring, which decreases the availability of a lone pair of electrons for protonation. It is a very important compound in the production of various chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, and rubber chemicals.
Nomenclature of Anilines
- IUPAC Name of aniline is Phenylamine
The nomenclature of anilines, follows standard IUPAC conventions:
- Parent Chain: Benzene Ring.
- Numbering: Numbering carbons starting from the amino group(-NH2).
- Prefixes: Ortho (o-) or 2, meta (m-) or 3, or para (p-) or 4 for other substituents.
- Suffix: “-benzenamine” to indicate the compound is an benzenamine derivative.
Examples:
- Aniline: Simplest form.
- Ortho-toluidine: methyl group (-CH3) at Ortho position .
- Meta-chloroaniline: chlorine (-Cl) at Meta position.
- Para-nitroaniline: nitro (-NO2) at Para position.
|
Aniline |
Common name |
Preferred IUPAC name |
Systematic IUPAC name |
|---|---|---|---|
|
C6H5NH2 |
Aniline, phenylamine |
Aniline |
Benzenamine |
|
CH3-C6H4-NH2 (o-isomer) |
o-toluidine |
2-Methylaniline |
2-methylbenzenamine |
|
Cl-C6H4-NH2 (m-isomer) |
m-Chloroaniline |
4-Chloroaniline |
3-Chlorobenzenamine |
|
O2N-C6H4-NH2 (p-isomer) |
p-nitroaniline |
4-Nitroaniline |
4-Nitrobenzenamine |
Anilines Functional Group
The functional group on anilines is amino group (-NH2), which is joined to a benzene ring. In aniline, nitrogen has lone pair electron which make aniline a aromatics compound and activate this compound to do electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Aniline – Structure, Properties, Preparation, Reactions, Uses
Anilines are organic aromatic compounds that are derived from benzene with an amino group (NH2) joined to it. Because of its reactivity and structure, it plays a crucial role in the making of various industrial chemicals, which increases the use of aniline in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other places in modern chemistry.