What is Acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of a body. Acceleration can be positive or negative. But it can never be zero. Mathematically, acceleration can be derived as:
Acceleration = change of velocity/time
OR
a = Δv/t
- Acceleration is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
- SI unit of acceleration is meter/second2.
Applications of Acceleration
- Acceleration helps to determine the velocity changes over time.
- Acceleration is a basic concept in classical mechanics, forming the basis for Newton’s laws of motion.
- Acceleration is important in studying the motion of vehicles, it will help to design safer and more efficient transportation systems.
- In the fields of robotics and automation, acceleration plays a crucial role.
Differences between Velocity and Acceleration
The basic difference between velocity and acceleration is illustrated below:
Aspects |
Velocity |
Acceleration |
---|---|---|
Definition |
It is defined as the rate of change of displacement of a body |
It is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a body. |
Formula |
Velocity = Displacement/Time (d/t) |
Acceleration = Change in velocity/Time (v/t) |
Calculated With |
Displacement |
velocity |
Unit of Measurement |
meter/second (m/s) |
meter/second2 (m/s2) |
Value |
Velocity can be positive, negative or zero. |
Acceleration can be positive or negative. It can not be zero. |
Uniform Motion |
Uniform velocity implies steady speed in a straight line. |
Uniform acceleration refers to constant change in velocity |
Circular Motion |
The magnitude of velocity remains constant in circular motion. |
Acceleration changes due to the continuous change in direction. |
Instantaneous vs. Average |
Instantaneous velocity means an object’s velocity at a certain moment while the average velocity refers to overall displacement over a certain time interval. |
Instantaneous acceleration means the object’s acceleration at a certain time while the average acceleration means overall change in velocity over a specific time span. |
Example |
A bike moving at 50 km/h to the north. |
A bike accelerating from 0 to 120 km/h in 20 seconds. |
Negative Values |
Velocity can be negative. Negative velocity represents motion in the opposite direction. |
Acceleration can also be negative. Negative acceleration represents deceleration or slowing down. |
Graphical Representation |
It is determined by the slope of displacement-time graph. |
It is determined by the slope of velocity – time graph. |
Area Under the Curve |
The area under the velocity-time curve signifies displacement. |
The area under the acceleration-time graph (curve) identifies the change in velocity. |
Importance |
It is very crucial to understand the speed and the direction of an object. |
Acceleration is important to study the change in speed/velocity of an object. |
Relation |
Velocity is the integral of acceleration with respect to time. |
Acceleration is the derivative of change in velocity with respect to time. |
Human Perception |
We often relate the velocity with speed. |
Acceleration is related to the speed ups or slow downs. |
Differences between Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity and acceleration are the two important terms that are related to physics. Velocity refers to the speed of an object in a particular direction whereas acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity. Velocity and acceleration are both vector quantities as they have magnitude and direction, however, they have several differences.
In this article, we will learn about the velocity, acceleration, and the key differences between them.