What is Specialization?
Specialization in DBMS is the concept where the major entity is further represented by dividing it into its sub-entities. High-Level Entity is specialized into two or more two level-level entities. The parameter taken into consideration while dividing the High-Level Entity is the characteristics, according to the characteristics the dividing process into sub-entities is done. The concept of Inheritance in OOP can be related to this Specialization in DBMS, the main focus is the same to divide the Parent Entity into Child or Base entities.
Example of Specialization
Consider an entity EMPLOYEE in an Employee management system can be specialized into DEVELOPER, TESTER, etc. as shown in the below diagram. In this case, common attributes like E_NAME, E_SAL, etc. become part of a higher entity (EMPLOYEE), and specialized attributes TES_TYPE become part of a specialized entity (dTESTER).
Below there is a Visual Representation of the above Example.
Difference Between Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS
Specialization and Aggregation in Database Management Systems are the Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagrams also known as (EER-Diagram). Specialization and Aggregation in ER model are used for data abstraction in which an abstraction mechanism is used to hide details of a set of objects.