Why Benzene is Aromatic?

To check if a given compound is aromatic or not we apply Huckel rule. In 1931, German chemist and physicist Erich Huckel proposed a theory to help and determine if a planar ring molecule would have aromatic properties. According to Huckel rule, for a ring to be aromatic it should satisfy the following properties mentioned below:

  • Compound Should be planar.
  • Complete delocalization of the π electrons in the ring.
  • Presence of (4n + 2) π electrons in the ring where n is an integer (n = 0 , 1, 2, 3 ……….).

If we check above three properties for Benzene, benzene satisfies all the three properties.

  • Benzene is a planar compound
  • It has delocalized π electrons over the ring.
  • Benzene has 6 π electron which is equal to (4n+2) π electron if we put n = 1.

Hence, Benzene is an aromatic compound.

Benzene Formula

Benzene is a simple cyclic aromatic compound, which is made of hydrogen and oxygen. Benzene consists of an equal number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The formula of Benzene is C6H6. The structure of benzene is a closed ring-like structure that resembles a hexagon with alternate single and double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Benzene is an important compound in Organic Chemistry as many compounds are derived from this using various reactions. Benzene has ill health effects in case of overexposure.

In this article, we are going to learn what benzene is, where benzene is found, the discovery of benzene, the characteristics of benzene, uses of benzene, and the ill effects of benzene on health in detail.

Table of Content

  • What is Benzene?
  • Structure of Benzene
  • Resonance of Benzene
  • Characteristics of Benzene
  • Why Benzene is Aromatic?
  • Chemical Reactions of Benzene

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What is Benzene?

Benzene is an aromatic organic compound. It is a colourless liquid. Benzene has a sweet odor. Benzene is an organic aromatic hydrocarbon. It evaporates into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes and human activities. Benzene is a closed ring of six carbon atoms linked by bonds that alternate between single and double bonds. Each carbon atom is bound by a single hydrogen atom. Benzene melts at a temperature of 5.5 ° C and boils at 80.1°C. Benzene shows resonance properties. Benzene burns with a sooty flame....

Where is Benzene Found?

Benzene is formed from both natural processes and human activities. Manmade Benzene are found in glues, adhesives, cleaning products, paint strippers, tobacco smoke and gasoline. Benzene is produced naturally by volcanoes and forest fires. Most benzene in the environment comes from our use of petroleum products. Benzene is also found in detergents and paints....

Structure of Benzene

Structure of Benzene is similar to hexagon. There are three sigma bonds present between carbon-carbon atom and three pi bonds present between carbon-carbon atom. The carbon atoms are represented by a corner that is bonded to other atoms. The double bonds in benzene are mainly separated by a single bond, hence this arrangement is recognized to have conjugated double bonds....

What is Benzene Ring?

Benzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon compound in which each carbon atom in benzene is arranged in a six-membered ring and is bonded to only one hydrogen atom. According to molecular orbital theory, benzene ring involves the formation of three delocalized π–orbitals spanning all six carbon atoms. According to valence bond theory benzene has two stable resonance structures for the ring....

Resonance of Benzene

Kekule was the scientist who proposed two structure of Benzene. The two structure of Benzene differ in placement of alternate double bonds only. But, the original structure of benzene is hybrid of these two structure was confirmed in X-ray diffraction experiment. When many multiple lewis dot structure of a compound exist because of presence of double bond or lone pair then it forms a resonance structure. The more resonance forms a molecule has, the more stable the molecule is. They are connected by a double-headed arrow, indicating these two structure are resonance in nature. Benzene forms two resonance structure which makes this compound more stable. One hybrid structure of benzene represents oscillating double bond inside it i.e. not a fixed place of double bonds....

Characteristics of Benzene

Few characteristics of benzene are listed below:...

Why Benzene is Aromatic?

To check if a given compound is aromatic or not we apply Huckel rule. In 1931, German chemist and physicist Erich Huckel proposed a theory to help and determine if a planar ring molecule would have aromatic properties. According to Huckel rule, for a ring to be aromatic it should satisfy the following properties mentioned below:...

Properties of Benzene

The properties of benzene is classified into following...

Derivatives Compounds from Benzene

Some of derivatives of benzene are listed below:...

Chemical Reactions of Benzene

Benzene undergoes following reaction:...

Uses of Benzene

Benzene is toxic in nature and very harmful of living beings. That’s why its use is limited in various manufacturing industries. Some of the usage of benzene are listed below:...

Bad Health Effects of Benzene

As mentioned above benzene is toxic in nature. Even high level of benzene can cause death of living beings. Various Bad side-effects of benzene on living beings are listed below:...

Benzene – FAQs

1. Why Benzene is Slightly Soluble in Water?...