Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form (12 β 2i)/9i
A complex number is a term that can be shown as the sum of real and imaginary numbers. These are the numbers that can be written in the form of a + ib, where a and b both are real numbers. It is denoted by z. Here the value βaβ is called the real part which is denoted by Re(z), and βbβ is called the imaginary part Im(z) in form of a complex number. It is also called an imaginary number. In complex number form a + bi βiβ is an imaginary number called βiotaβ. The value of i is (β-1) or we can write as i2 = -1. For example,
- 5 + 2i is a complex number, where 5 is a real number (Re) and 2i is an imaginary number (Im).
- 7 + 3i is a complex number where 7 is a real number (Re) and 3i is an imaginary number (Im).
A real number and imaginary number combination is called a Complex number.
Algebraic operations on complex numbers
There are four types of algebraic operation of complex numbers
- Addition of Complex Numbers
In this operation, We know that a complex number is of the form z = p+iq where a and b are real numbers. Now, consider two complex numbers z1 = p1 + iq1 and z2 = p2 + iq2. Therefore, the addition of the complex numbers z1 and z2.
z1 + z2 = (p1 + p2 ) + i(q1 + q2)
Some more identities are:
- z1 + z2 = z
- z1 + z2 = z2 + z1
- (z1 + z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)
- z + (-z) = 0
- (p + iq) + (0 + i0) = p + iq
The resulting complex number real part is the sum of the real part of each complex number. The resulting complex number imaginary part is equal to the sum of the imaginary part of each complex number.
- Subtraction of Complex Numbers
In this operation of the complex numbers z1 = p1 + iq1 and z2 = p2 + ib2, therefore the difference of z1 and z2 which is z1-z2 is defined as,
z1 β z2 = (p1 β p2) + i(q1 β q2)
- Multiplication of Complex Numbers
In this operation of multiplication of Two Complex Numbers.
We know that (x+y)(z+w)
=xz + xw + zy + zw
Similarly, the complex numbers z1 = p1 + iq1 and z2 = p2 + iq2
To find z1z2:
z1 z2 = (p1 + iq1)(p2 + iq2)
z1 z2 = p1p2 + p1q2i + q1p2i+ q1q2i2
As we know, i2 = -1,
Therefore,
z1 z2 = (p1 p2 β q1 q2 ) + i(p1 q2 + p2 q1 )
Some identities are:
- z1 Γ z2 = z
- z1 Γ z2 = z2 Γ z1
- z1(z2 Γ z3) = (z1 Γ z2)z3
- z1(z2 + z3) = z1.z2 + z1.z3
- Division of Complex Numbers
In this operation of complex number z1 = p1 + iq1 and z2 = p2 + iq2, therefore, to find z1/z2, we have to multiply numerator and denominator with the conjugate of z2. The division of complex numbers:
Let z1 = p1 + iq1 and z2 = p2 + iq2,
z1/z2 = (p1 + iq1)/(p2 + iq2)
Hence, (p1 + iq1)/(p2 + iq2) = [(p1 + iq1)(p2 β iq2)] / [(p2 + iq2)(p2 β iq2)]
(p1 + iq1)/(p2 + iq2) = [(p1p2) β (p1q2i) + (p2q1i) + q1q2)] / [(p22 + q22)]
(p1 + iq1)/(p2 + iq2) = [(p1p2) + (q1q2) + i(p2q1 β p1q2)] / (p22 + q22)
z1/z2 = (p1p2) + (q1q2) / (p22 + q22) + i(p2q1 β p1q2) / (p22 + q22)
Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form: 12 β 2i/9i?
Solution:
Given: 12 β 2i/9i
We can write as = 12 β 2i/0 + 9i
Multiplying with the conjugate of denominators, i.e 0 + 9i = 0 β 9i
= (12 β 2i/0 + 9i) Γ (0 β 9i)(0 β 9i)
= {(12 β 2i)(0 β 9i)} / {(0 + 9i)(0 β 9i)}
= {0 β 81i β 0 + 18i2} / {0 + 81}
= (-81i β 18)/81
= -18/81 β 81i/81
= -2/9 β 0i
Similar Problems
Problem 1: Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form (4 + 2i)?
Solution:
Given: 1/4 + 2i
Multiplying with the conjugate of denominators. i.e 4 + 2i = 4 β 2i
= {1/(4 + 2i)} Γ (4 β 2i)(4 β 2i)
= (-2i + 4) / {16 β (2i)2}
= (4 β 2i)/(16 + 4)
= (4 β 2i) / 20
= 4/20 β 2/20i
= 1/5 β 1/10i
Problem 2: Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form {(-3 β 5i) / (2 + 2i)}?
Solution:
Given: {(-3 β 5i) / (2 + 2i)}
Conjugate of denominator, 2 + 2i is 2 β 2i
Multiply with the conjugate of denominator,
Therefore {(-3 β 5i) / (2 + 2i)} Γ {(2 β 2i) / (2 β 2i)}
= {-6 β 6i β 10i +10i2} / {22 β (2i)2} {Difference of squares formula. i.e; (a + b)(a β b) = a2 β b2}
= {-6 β 6i β 10i + 10(-1)} / {4 β 4(-1)} {i2 = -1}
= {-6 β 6i β 10i β 10} / {4 + 4}
= -{16 /8 + 16i /8}
= -2 β 2i
Problem 3: Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form (1 β i)/(1 + 2i)?
Solution:
Given: (1 β i)/(1 + 2i)
Multiply with the conjugate of denominator,
= {(1 β i)/(1 + 2i) Γ (1 β 2i)/(1 β 2i)}
= {(1 β i)(1 β 2i)} / {(1)2 β (2i)2} {Difference of squares formula, i.e; (a + b)(a β b) = a2 β b2}
= {1 β 2i β i + 2i2} / {1 β 4(-1)} {i2 = -1}
= -1/5 β 3i/5
Problem 4: Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form (3 + 4i) / (3 + 2i).
Solution:
Given: (3 + 4i) / (3 + 2i)
Multiplying with the conjugate of denominators,
= ((3 + 4i) Γ (3 β 2i)) / ((3 + 2i) Γ (3 β 2i))
= (9 β 6i + 12i β 8i2) / {9 β (2i)2}
= (17 + 6i) / (13)
= (17 + 6i) / 13
Problem 5: Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in standard form (4 + 2i) / (2 + 2i).
Solution:
Given: (4 + 2i) / (2 + 2i)
Multiplying with the conjugate of denominators,
= ((4 + 2i) Γ (2 β 2i)) / ((2 + 2i) Γ (2 β 2i))
= (8 β 8i + 4i β 4i2) / (4 β 4i2)
= (8 β 4i + 4) / 8
= (12 β 4i) / 8
= 12/8 β 4i/8
= 3/2 β 1i/2
Problem 6: Express in form of a + bi, 1/(2 β 4i)?
Solution:
Given: 1/(2 β 4i)
= 1/(2 β 4i) Γ (2 + 4i)/(2 + 4i)
= (2 + 4i) / {(2)2 β (4i)2}
= (2 + 4i) / {4 + 16}
= (2 + 4i) / 20
= 2/20 + (4/20)i
= 1/10 + (1/5)i