Change of Phase between Gases and Liquids
The water warms up when you fill a pot with cold tap water and heat it on a hot cooktop. Heat energy flows from the cooktop to the pot, where it is absorbed by the water. What will happen to the water after that?
Vaporization
If the water is sufficiently heated, it will begin to boil. In the boiling water, water vapor bubbles develop. This occurs when liquid water particles obtain enough energy to overcome the force of attraction between them and transition to a gaseous form. The bubbles rise through the water and exit as steam, which escapes from the pot. Vaporization is the process through which a liquid boils and transforms into a gas. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it boils.
Condensation
Condensation is the process through which gas transforms into a liquid. The mirror is prone to fog up when you take a hot shower in a closed bathroom. You might be wondering why this occurs. As hot water from the shower evaporates, it cools and loses energy when it comes into touch with colder surfaces, such as the mirror. The energy required by the colder water particles to overcome the forces of attraction between them is no longer available. They clump together and create liquid water droplets.
Change of State of Matter
When cubes of ice melt into water or liquid boils into vapor, you may have seen changes in states of matter, but have you ever wondered why the substances change their form? When matter loses or gains energy, it changes its condition. When a substance gains energy, its molecules or atoms move faster, and extra kinetic energy pushes the particles at a sufficient distance apart from one another that their shape changes. Typically, this energy is called thermal energy or heat. Let us look at the science supporting the shifting states of matter in this post.