Construction of DC Motor
DC motor has such basic components, as a stator (stationary part of the element producing magnetic field) and a rotor part that rotates carrying winding or coil. When a DC voltage is connected to the coil, current flows through it and generates an electromagnetic field. When the magnetic field of this rotor interacts with that produced by the stator, a torque is induced which causes this piece to start spinning.
DC Motor Parts
DC achine has the following main parts:
- Field System or Stator
- Armature
- Commutator
- Brushes
Field Coil or Stator
As the name suggests, the field coil or stator is the non moving or the stationary part of the DC motor around which coil is wounded and produce magnetic field
The stator consists of various parts:
- Yoke
- Pole Core
- Pole Body
- Shoe for the pole
- Field Winding
- End Plates
Yoke: The structure of a DC machine works to create the magnetic circuit between the poles.
Pole Core: Pole Core is usually of laminated iron or other magnetic material. Its function is to serve as a passage for the magnetic flux generated by the field winding.
Pole Body: Pole body works with the pole core. When an electric current passes through the field winding, a magnetic flux is established not only in the pole core but also around it. The poles and their bearings are known as the pole body.
Shoe: Shoe is a synonym for one of the brushes inside an electric motor. DC motors have brushes to make contact with the rotating armature, and typically they are sodded.
Field Winding: Field winding is on the pole core next to the stator. Field winding uses insulated copper wire. An insulated copper coil is wound round the pole core. If this coil on the pole core is excited with direct current, we get magnetic flux.
End Plates: End plates encapsulate the entire motor. They provide a casing for all of the internal parts–the armature, commutator and brushes as well sometimes also including field windings
Armature
Armature is the rotating part of the motor which generates mechanical energy. Armature core has windings. The armature core is made of 0.3 to 0.5 mm thick high magnetic strength (silicon steel lamination) and a thin layer of varnish is applied on each sheet.
Commutator
Commutators are used in DC appliances such as DC Motors and DC Generators. It periodically reverses the current between the armature and the circuit and produces steady torque
Brushes
Brushes or often called Carbon Brushes are made up of graphite. In DC Motors, brushes supplies current to the winding of the armature.
DC Motor
DC motor is a machine that converts electrical energy of direct current into mechanical energy. In a DC motor, the input electrical energy is direct current which is converted into mechanical rotation.
In this article, we will learn what is DC motor, its Diagram, Construction, Working, types, and applications. We will also compare DC and AC Motors based on various parameters.
Table of Content
- What is DC Motor?
- Construction of DC Motor
- DC Motor Working Principle
- DC Motor Characteristics
- Types of DC Motors
- AC and DC Motors
- Applications of DC Motor