Examples of Polyembryony
Here are some examples of polyembryony in gymnosperms:
- Pinus spp. (Pines): Pines are well-known for exhibiting polyembryony. In some species of Pinus, such as Pinus pinaster (Maritime Pine) and Pinus thunbergii (Japanese Black Pine), cleavage polyembryony is observed.
- Cycas circinalis (Queen Sago): Cycas circinalis, a cycad species, exhibits simple polyembryony. Here, two adjacent archegonia within the same ovule may independently develop into two embryos, occasionally leading to the production of two seedlings.
- Gnetum spp.: Gnetum species, such as Gnetum gnemon, demonstrate high-order polyembryony. Several embryos may arise from each zygote through the branching of primary suspenders and further proliferation of secondary suspenders.
- Podocarpus spp.: Certain species of Podocarpus, a genus within the Podocarpaceae family, exhibit cleavage polyembryony. Each embryonal tetrad functions as an independent embryo in this type of polyembryony.
Polyembryony – Types, Causes, and Importance
Polyembryony refers to the occurrence of multiple embryos developing within a single ovule, seed, or fertilized ovum, and it is observed in both animals and plants. Polyembryony can be influenced by environmental conditions and genetic factors. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, and nutrient availability can cause polyembryony in certain plant species. Polyembryony examples are seen in mango, citrus, and in gymnosperms.
Genetic factors, including specific gene mutations or variations, may also play a role in regulating polyembryony. In this article, we will look into the meaning, causes, types, examples, and significance of polyembryony.
Table of Content
- What is Polyembryony in Plants?
- Causes of Polyembryony
- Types of Polyembryony
- Polyembryony in Mango
- Polyembryony in Gymnosperms
- Examples of Polyembryony
- Difference Between Apomixis and Polyembryony
- Importance of Polyembryony in Plants