Historical Events Timeline During Umayyad Caliphate
Year |
Event |
---|---|
661 CE |
Founding of the Umayyad Caliphate by Muawiyah I |
661-750 CE |
Expansion of the Islamic Empire: – North Africa was conquered by Musa bin Nusair. The conquest of Spain (Al-Andalus) begins. – Expansion into Central Asia. |
670-678 CE |
Siege of Constantinople – Unsuccessful attempt to capture the Byzantine capital. |
680-683 CE |
First Fitna (Civil War): Internal conflict over succession after the death of Muawiyah I. |
691-692 CE |
Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem – A significant achievement in Islamic architecture and a lasting symbol. |
711-712 CE |
Muslim conquest of most of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) – Marked the beginning of Islamic rule in Spain, which would last for centuries. |
732 CE |
Battle of Tours: Muslim forces were defeated by Charles Martel, a Frankish leader, halting their westward expansion in Europe. |
750 CE |
Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate – The Umayyad Caliphate comes to an end after nearly a century of rule. |
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE)
Muawiyah I established the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 CE after defeating Ali ibn Abi Talib. It became the first hereditary dynasty in Islamic history, with power passed down through the Umayyad family.
Umayyad Caliphate played a role in the codification of Islamic law and the development of Islamic scholarship. Damascus, Syria, served as the capital, a strategic location at the crossroads of trade routes. The Umayyads significantly expanded the Islamic empire, reaching North Africa, Spain (known as Al-Andalus), and Central Asia.
Table of Content
- About Umayyad Caliphate
- Umayyad Caliphate – Overview
- The Umayyad Caliphate – History
- Historical Events Timeline During Umayyad Caliphate
- Umayyad Caliphate – Achievements
- Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate
- Interesting Facts about the Umayyad Caliphate