Intermediate Kubernetes Interview Questions

Here are some Intermediate-Level Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers to help you prepare for your interviews:

12. Explain the concept of Ingress in Kubernetes.

In the following section, we will go across what Kubernetes Ingress is, what an Ingress controller is, how it fixes routing difficulties, and how to implement it step-by-step. Ingress is a Kubernetes API object that is used to expose HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to services inside the cluster. It provides a single entry point into a cluster, it allows more straightforward management applications and troubleshooting routing issues.
 

13. What is a ConfigMap?

A ConfigMap is an API object in Kubernetes that is primarily used to store non-confidential data. ConfigMaps are a way for Kubernetes to inject configuration data into application pods, making it easier to manage and update configuration settings and assist in separating configuration from application code.

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

name: my-pod

spec:

containers:

– name: container-name

image: image

volumeMounts:

– name: volume-name

mountPath: /etc/configmap

volumes:

– name: volume-name

configMap:

name: configmap-name

14. Describe the role of etcd in Kubernetes.

Etcd is the cluster brain that maintains records of all cluster information, which includes the desired state, the current state, resource configurations, and runtime data. It is the cluster brain that informs other processes that including the Scheduler about changes in the cluster state and availability of resources.

15. How do rolling updates work in a Deployment?

The rolling update deployment strategy, additionally referred to as a rolling deployment, makes sure of zero downtime by methodically replacing out of date Pods with updated ones, facilitating a smooth transition during Deployment updates. A rolling deployment is a strategic approach that gradually substitutes older versions of an application with newer ones through an overall replacement of the underlying infrastructure.

16. What is a Namespace in Kubernetes?

Namespaces permit Kubernetes clusters to be organized into virtual sub-clusters, which is useful in situations where a cluster is utilized by several teams or projects. Namespaces allow a cluster to be structured in any number of ways, with each namespace providing logical segregation from the others while maintaining the ability to speak across namespaces.

17. Explain the use of Labels and Selectors in Kubernetes.

Labels and Selectors are essential sections in Kubernetes configuration files for deployments and services due to how they link Kubernetes services to pods. Labels are key-value pairs that identify pods distinctly; the deployment assigns these labels and uses them as a starting point for the pod prior to its creation, and the Selector matches these labels. Labels and selectors combine to create connections between deployments, pods, and services in Kubernetes.

18. Describe the role of a Proxy in Kubernetes.

One essential Kubernetes agent that exists on every cluster node is called Kube-Proxy. Its primary function is to keep track of modifications made to the Service of objects and the endpoints that correspond to them. It then changes these modifications into actual network rules that are implemented into the node.

19. What is a Persistent Volume (PV) in Kubernetes?

A Persistent Volume (PV) in Kubernetes is an object that allows pods to access storage from a defined device. This device is usually described via a Kubernetes StorageClass. When a PVC is created individually, it is generated and designated to the specified storage device. This method wins out over pretreated storage classes because it gives a better understanding of the workflow.

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

name: mypv

spec:

capacity:

storage: 2Gi

accessModes:

– ReadWriteOnce

persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain

hostPath:

path: “/mnt/data”

20. Explain the differences between a DaemonSet and a ReplicaSet.

21. How can you achieve communication between Pods in different Nodes?

Pods in a cluster of k8s can speak to one another by default use the internal IP addresses. The underlying container runtime or network plugin gives a virtual network overlay to this communication.

22. What advantages does Kubernetes have?

Kubernetes has the following advantages:

• Container Orchestration
• Automated Load Balancing
• Auto Scaling
• Rolling Update & Rollbacks
• Service Discovery and Load Balancing
• Storage Orchestration
• Self-Healing
• Secrets and Configuration Management
• Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Support
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
• Pods and Multi-Container Support
• Monitoring and Logging

Also Read: Fundamental Kubernetes Components

Kubernetes is a powerful open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of application containers across clusters of hosts. It provides a container-centric infrastructure that is efficient, making it a leading choice for managing complex applications. Derived from the Greek word meaning “captain,” “helmsman,” or “governor,” Kubernetes has become indispensable in the world of cloud-native applications. With its automation, scalability, and ease of deployment, Kubernetes offers unparalleled efficiency for developers and operations teams alike. Kubernetes is extensively used by top companies like Google, Red Hat, VMware, IBM, and many others due to its robust features and exceptional performance.

In this article, we will provide the Top 40 Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers tailored for both freshers and experienced professionals. Here, we cover everything, including fundamental Kubernetes concepts, Kubernetes architecture, pods, StatefulSets, Monitoring and Logging, deployment strategies, and more, that will surely help you crack DevOps interviews.