MHC Class I Proteins
The MHC Class I proteins, also known as Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I proteins, are crucial components of the immune system. MHC class I proteins allow for the recognition of molecules produced within the cell, such as viral or tumor antigens, by cytotoxic T cells or killer T cells.
Let’s read about the characteristics and functions of the MHC Class I proteins:
Structure and Composition of MHC Class 1 Proteins
The MHC Class I proteins are complex transmembrane glycoproteins composed of two main components: a heavy chain, also known as the α chain, and a smaller non-covalently associated protein called β2-microglobulin.
α chain + β2-microglobulin
- The α chain is highly polymorphic, meaning it exists in various allelic forms leading to a diverse array of MHC Class I molecules in the population.
- The α chain consists of three domains: α1, α2, and α3. The α1 and α2 domains form a peptide-binding cleft, while the α3 domain anchors the complex to the cell membrane.
- The β2-microglobulin which is the non-polymorphic is essential for the proper folding and stability of the MHC Class I molecule.
Difference Between MHC Class 1 and MHC Class 2 Proteins
Difference Between Mhc Class 1 and Mhc Class 2 Proteins: The MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) proteins play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting antigens to the immune cells. Both MHC I and MHC II are responsible for distinguishing between self and non-self molecules, allowing the immune system to recognize and eliminate foreign invaders.
MHC Class I proteins are found on the surface of almost all nucleated cells in the body. MHC Class II proteins are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. In this article, we will read about Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins and the difference between MHC Class 1 and MHC Class 2 proteins.
Table of Content
- MHC Class I Proteins
- MHC Class II Proteins
- Difference Between MHC Class I and MHC Class II Proteins
- MHC I vs MHC II Diagram
- Conclusion – Difference Between MHC Class 1 and MHC Class 2 Proteins
- FAQs on Difference Between MHC Class 1 and MHC Class 2 Proteins