Process of gene cloning
This involves isolating the gene from the donor cell, integrating it into a small carrier molecule (also called a vector), and then replicating it into the host cell. A few steps in this process are mentioned below.
- Isolating the donor DNA gene: The DNA fragment may be extracted using either of two methods. The first technique makes use of the restriction endonuclease enzyme, which requires a particular restriction site in order to function. Utilizing reverse transcriptase enzyme is the second technique.
- Selecting a specific vector: An isolated gene can not have the ability to replicate autonomously. Therefore, prior to insertion into the host, a specific vector must be selected. The primary function of this vector is to support the replication procedure. There are particular features of the cloning vector.
- Incorporating the donor gene in the chosen vector: The vector is cleaved by the same restriction enzyme that the DNA is using to separate the gene. In the presence of DNA ligase, the mixture of the vector and donor gene is combined, and a recombinant vector is created in the mixture.
- Transforming the recombinant vector to a host cell: The recombinant vector thus produced is then converted into a host cell. Some cells are naturally transformable, for instance-Bacillus, while others are not naturally undergoing transformation and require the use of artificial techniques.
- Isolating the recombinant cell: The host cell is then enabled to grow in culture media. However, it should include both recombinant and non-recombinant cell types., It is necessary to separate the mixture according to the marker gene being used.
NCERT Notes Biology Class 12 Chapter 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
NCERT CBSE Class 12th Science Notes Chapter 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes: Biotechnology Principles and Processes is an important part of Class 12 Science Notes for quick revision. They will benefit from having challenging study material to use in preparing for the exam. Students can get CBSE Class 12th Science Notes Chapter 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes, Biotechnology, the principle of biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Separation and Isolation of DNA Fragments, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology.
The branch of biology known as biotechnology is where technology is used to improve human health. Biotechnology is the production, development, and modification of useful products to satisfy the needs of all living things.