Sample Questions on d Block Elements
Q1: Which part of the periodic table do d-block elements occupy, and what distinguishes them from other groups?
Answer:
D-block elements occupy the central part of the periodic table, spanning groups 3 to 12 and periods 4 to 7. They are distinguished by their versatile electron configurations and the ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states, making them crucial in various chemical reactions.
Q2: Name some d-block elements and elucidate their significance in practical applications.
Answer:
Scandium (Sc) is used in aerospace applications for its lightweight and high strength. Vanadium (V) enhances steel strength and corrosion resistance. Titanium (Ti) is prized for its strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, used in aerospace, medical implants, and sports equipment. Chromium (Cr) is vital in stainless steel production. Iron (Fe) plays a pivotal role in steel production and transporting oxygen in the bloodstream as part of haemoglobin. Zinc (Zn) is a protective coating for iron and steel. Manganese (Mn) helps improve steel strength and durability. Gold (Au) is used in jewellery and as a store of value. Mercury (Hg) is used in barometers and thermometers.
Q3: How does the electron configuration of d-block elements contribute to their chemical reactivity?
Answer:
The electron configuration of d-block elements, typically [noble gas] ns1-2 (n–1) d^1-10, leads to the presence of unpaired electrons in the d orbitals. These unpaired electrons allow d-block elements to readily form complex compounds and exhibit various oxidation states, enhancing their reactivity and versatility in chemical reactions.
Q4: What is the importance of d-block elements in catalysis and industrial processes?
Answer:
D-block elements are crucial in catalysis due to their ability to change oxidation states and form stable intermediates. For example, platinum, palladium, and rhodium are used as catalysts in automobile catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions, making industrial processes more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Q5: Discuss the concept of variable oxidation states in d-block elements with examples.
Answer:
D-block elements are known for their capacity to display variable oxidation states. For instance, manganese (Mn) can exhibit oxidation states ranging from +2 to +7, allowing its participation in a wide range of redox reactions. Other examples of d-block elements with variable oxidation states include iron (Fe), vanadium (V), and chromium (Cr).
d Block Elements
D-block elements are the elements in which the last electron enters the d subshell. d Block elements are situated at the middle of the periodic table, and act as a bridge between metal and non-metals in the periodic table. These elements, also known as transition elements, play a significant role in shaping our fundamental understanding of chemical principles.
In this article, we will learn about d-block elements in detail exploring their electron configurations, providing examples along with their properties and applications, and examining their historical context.
Table of Content
- What Are d Block Elements in Chemistry?
- D Block Elements on Periodic Table
- Why d Block Elements Are Called Transition Elements?
- Atomic Structure of d Block Elements
- Characteristics of d Block Elements
- Properties of d Block Elements