Structure of Antibody
The structure of anitbody is described below:
- Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins.
- They consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
- Each chain contains constant (C) and variable (V) regions.
- The variable regions are highly diverse and responsible for antigen binding.
- The constant regions determine the antibody’s class or isotype (e.g., IgG, IgM).
- The two arms of the Y-shaped antibody contain antigen-binding sites, allowing antibodies to recognize and bind to specific antigens.
- The stem of the Y-shaped antibody interacts with immune cells to initiate immune responses.
- Antibodies are multi-tasking molecules that play important function in immune defense mechanisms against pathogens and foreign substances.
Types of Antibody and Functions
Types of antibodies include IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. These various types of antibodies and functions help the immune system recognize and neutralize pathogens, toxins, and other foreign substances in the body. These antibodies protect against infections and diseases. In this article, we will cover the types of antibodies, their functions, and their structures in detail.
Table of Content
- What is Antibody?
- Structure of Antibody
- Types of Antibodies and Their Functions
- IgG (Immunoglobulin G)
- IgM (Immunoglobulin M)
- IgA (Immunoglobulin A)
- IgE (Immunoglobulin E)
- IgD (Immunoglobulin D)
- Antibody Diversity and Specificity
- Important Points and Facts about Antibody