Structure of Lichens
The overall structure of lichen can be described by looking at its associated partners.
Fungal Component (Mycobiont)
The fungal partner, or mycobiont, forms the structural framework of the lichen. The lichen fungus body comprises filamentous cells called hyphae that form the thalli. The fungal portions also produce fruiting bodies. These reproductive structures produce spores, which can germinate to form new lichen thalli under suitable environmental conditions.
The fungal partner plays a crucial role in absorbing water and nutrients from the environment. Also, an outgrowth from the fungal body called rhizines is responsible for attachment to the substrate.
Photosynthetic Component (Photobiont)
The photosynthetic partner, or photobiont, provides the lichen with the ability to produce energy through photosynthesis. Algae photobionts are typically green algae, while cyanobacterial photobionts are blue-green bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation. These organisms are embedded within the fungal hyphae, often in specialized structures called cephalodia or photobiont layers.
Thallus
The thallus refers to the main body or structure of the lichen, composed of intertwined fungal hyphae and photobionts. The thallus can exhibit various forms, including crustose (crusty), foliose (leafy), and fruticose (shrubby), depending on the type of lichen.
Lichens
Lichens, also known as lichen trees or lichen plants, are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The lichen types include – lichen crustose, lichen foliose, and lichen fruticose. Lichen is an example of mutualism.
The fungal component provides structure and protection, while the algal or cyanobacterial component contributes through photosynthesis. Lichens are highly adaptable and thrive in various environments, from arctic tundras to deserts.
Lichens play ecological roles such as soil stabilization, nitrogen fixation, and contributing to primary succession on bare substrates. In this article, we will read about Lichens, their general characteristics, structure, types, classification, and significance of lichen.
Table of Content
- What are Lichens?
- Lichens Characteristics
- Diagram of Lichens
- Structure of Lichens
- Types of Lichens
- Lichens Classification
- Significance of Lichens