Types of Lichens
Lichens can be classified into different types based on their physical appearance and attachment to their substrate.
- Lichens Crustose appear as crust-like structures that tightly adhere to their substrate. These usually grow on new habitats like rocks and hard substrate. Examples include species like Caloplaca, Rhizocarpon, and Lecanora.
- Lichens Foliose have a leafy or lobed appearance, with thalli more loosely attached to the substrate than crustose lichens. These are mainly found on tree branches and moist substrates. Examples include species like Parmelia, Physcia, and Lobaria.
- Lichens Fruticose have a three-dimensional, branching, or shrubby growth form, often resembling miniature trees or bushes. Examples include species like Usnea, Cladonia, and Ramalina.
Some more lichen types are listed below.
- Leprose lichens have small thalli that have a powder-like appearance.
- Squamulose lichens have a scale-like appearance.
- Gelatinous or jelly lichens are formed with a transparent jelly-like appearance.
Lichens
Lichens, also known as lichen trees or lichen plants, are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The lichen types include – lichen crustose, lichen foliose, and lichen fruticose. Lichen is an example of mutualism.
The fungal component provides structure and protection, while the algal or cyanobacterial component contributes through photosynthesis. Lichens are highly adaptable and thrive in various environments, from arctic tundras to deserts.
Lichens play ecological roles such as soil stabilization, nitrogen fixation, and contributing to primary succession on bare substrates. In this article, we will read about Lichens, their general characteristics, structure, types, classification, and significance of lichen.
Table of Content
- What are Lichens?
- Lichens Characteristics
- Diagram of Lichens
- Structure of Lichens
- Types of Lichens
- Lichens Classification
- Significance of Lichens